Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims.docx
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Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims.docx
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ConventiononLimitationofLiabilityforMaritimeClaims
ConventiononLimitationofLiabilityforMaritimeClaims,1976
(London,19November1976)
THESTATESPARTIESTOTHISCONVENTION,
HAVINGRECOGNIZEDthedesirabilityofdeterminingbyagreementcertainuniformrulesrelatingtothelimitationofliabilityformaritimeclaims,
HAVEDECIDEDtoconcludeaConventionforthispurposeandhavetheretoagreedasfollows:
CHAPTERI:
THERIGHTOFLIMITATION
Article1
Personsentitledtolimitliability
1.Shipownersandsalvors,ashereinafterdefined,maylimittheirliabilityinaccordancewiththerulesofthisConventionforclaimssetoutinArticle2.
2.Theterm"shipowner"shallmeantheowner,charterer,managerandoperatorofaseagoingship.
3.Salvorshallmeananypersonrenderingservicesindirectconnexionwithsalvageoperations.SalvageoperationsshallalsoincludeoperationsreferredtoinArticle2,paragraph1(d),(e)and(f).
4.IfanyclaimssetoutinArticle2aremadeagainstanypersonforwhoseact,neglectordefaulttheshipownerorsalvorisresponsible,suchpersonshallbeentitledtoavailhimselfofthelimitationofliabilityprovidedforinthisConvention.
5.InthisConventiontheliabilityofashipownershallincludeliabilityinanactionbroughtagainstthevesselitself.
6.AninsurerofliabilityforclaimssubjecttolimitationinaccordancewiththerulesofthisConventionshallbeentitledtothebenefitsofthisConventiontothesameextentastheassuredhimself.
7.Theactofinvokinglimitationofliabilityshallnotconstituteanadmissionofliability.
Article2
Claimssubjecttolimitation
1.SubjecttoArticles3and4thefollowingclaims,whateverthebasisofliabilitymaybe,shallbesubjecttolimitationofliability:
(a)claimsinrespectoflossoflifeorpersonalinjuryorlossofordamagetoproperty(includingdamagetoharbourworks,basinsandwaterwaysandaidstonavigation),occurringonboardorindirectconnexionwiththeoperationoftheshiporwithsalvageoperations,andconsequentiallossresultingtherefrom;
(b)claimsinrespectoflossresultingfromdelayinthecarriagebyseaofcargo,passengersortheirluggage;
(c)claimsinrespectofotherlossresultingfrominfringementofrightsotherthancontractualrights,occurringindirectconnexionwiththeoperationoftheshiporsalvageoperations;
(d)claimsinrespectoftheraising,removal,destructionortherenderingharmlessofashipwhichissunk,wrecked,strandedorabandoned,includinganythingthatisorhasbeenonboardsuchship;
(e)claimsinrespectoftheremoval,destructionortherenderingharmlessofthecargooftheship;
(f)claimsofapersonotherthanthepersonliableinrespectofmeasurestakeninordertoavertorminimizelossforwhichthepersonliablemaylimithisliabilityinaccordancewiththisConvention,andfurtherlosscausedbysuchmeasures.
2.Claimssetoutinparagraph1shallbesubjecttolimitationofliabilityevenifbroughtbywayofrecourseorforindemnityunderacontractorotherwise.However,claimssetoutunderparagraph1(d),(e)and(f)shallnotbesubjecttolimitationofliabilitytotheextentthattheyrelatetoremunerationunderacontractwiththepersonliable.
Article3
Claimsexceptedfromlimitation
TherulesofthisConventionshallnotapplyto:
(a)claimsforsalvageorcontributioningeneralaverage;
(b)claimsforoilpollutiondamagewithinthemeaningoftheInternationalConventiononCivilLiabilityforOilPollutionDamage,dated29November1969orofanyamendmentorProtocoltheretowhichisinforce;
(c)claimssubjecttoanyinternationalconventionornationallegislationgoverningorprohibitinglimitationofliabilityfornucleardamage;
(d)claimsagainsttheshipownerofanuclearshipfornucleardamage;
(e)claimsbyservantsoftheshipownerorsalvorwhosedutiesareconnectedwiththeshiporthesalvageoperations,includingclaimsoftheirheirs,dependantsorotherpersonsentitledtomakesuchclaims,ifunderthelawgoverningthecontractofservicebetweentheshipownerorsalvorandsuchservantstheshipownerorsalvorisnotentitledtolimithisliabilityinrespectofsuchclaims,orifheisbysuchlawonlypermittedtolimithisliabilitytoanamountgreaterthanthatprovidedforinArticle6.
Article4
Conductbarringlimitation
Apersonliableshallnotbeentitledtolimithisliabilityifitisprovedthatthelossresultedfromhispersonalactoromission,committedwiththeintenttocausesuchloss,orrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatsuchlosswouldprobablyresult.
Article5
Counterclaims
WhereapersonentitledtolimitationofliabilityundertherulesofthisConventionhasaclaimagainsttheclaimantarisingoutofthesameoccurrence,theirrespectiveclaimsshallbesetoffagainsteachotherandtheprovisionsofthisConventionshallonlyapplytothebalance,ifany.
CHAPTERII:
LIMITSOFLIABILITY
Article6
Thegenerallimits
1.ThelimitsofliabilityforclaimsotherthanthosementionedinArticle7,arisingonanydistinctoccasion,shallbecalculatedasfollows:
(a)inrespectofclaimsforlossoflifeorpersonalinjury,
(i)333,000UnitsofAccountforashipwithatonnagenotexceeding500tons,
(ii)forashipwithatonnageinexcessthereof,thefollowingamountinadditiontothatmentionedin(i):
foreachtonfrom501to3,000tons,500UnitsofAccount;
foreachtonfrom3,001to30,000tons,333UnitsofAccount;
foreachtonfrom30,001to70,000tons,250UnitsofAccount;and
foreachtoninexcessof70,000tons,167UnitsofAccount,
(b)inrespectofanyotherclaims,
(i)167,000UnitsofAccountforashipwithatonnagenotexceeding500tons,
(ii)forashipwithatonnageinexcessthereofthefollowingamountinadditiontothatmentionedin(i):
foreachtonfrom501to30,000tons,167UnitsofAccount;
foreachtonfrom30,001to70,000tons,125UnitsofAccount;and
foreachtoninexcessof70,000tons,83UnitsofAccount.
2.Wheretheamountcalculatedinaccordancewithparagraph1(a)isinsufficienttopaytheclaimsmentionedthereininfull,theamountcalculatedinaccordancewithparagraph1(b)shallbeavailableforpaymentoftheunpaidbalanceofclaimsunderparagraph1(a)andsuchunpaidbalanceshallrankrateablywithclaimsmentionedunderparagraph1(b).
3.However,withoutprejudicetotherightofclaimsforlossoflifeorpersonalinjuryaccordingtoparagraph2,aStatePartymayprovideinitsnationallawthatclaimsinrespectofdamagetoharbourworks,basinsandwaterwaysandaidstonavigationshallhavesuchpriorityoverotherclaimsunderparagraph1(b)asisprovidedbythatlaw.
4.Thelimitsofliabilityforanysalvornotoperatingfromanyshiporforanysalvoroperatingsolelyontheshipto,orinrespectofwhichheisrenderingsalvageservices,shallbecalculatedaccordingtoatonnageof1,500tons.
5.ForthepurposeofthisConventiontheship'stonnageshallbethegrosstonnagecalculatedinaccordancewiththetonnagemeasurementrulescontainedinAnnexIoftheInternationalConventiononTonnageMeasurementofShips,1969.
Article7
Thelimitforpassengerclaims
1.Inrespectofclaimsarisingonanydistinctoccasionforlossoflifeorpersonalinjurytopassengersofaship,thelimitofliabilityoftheshipownerthereofshallbeanamountof46,666UnitsofAccountmultipliedbythenumberofpassengerswhichtheshipisauthorizedtocarryaccordingtotheship'scertificate,butnotexceeding25millionUnitsofAccount.
2.ForthepurposeofthisArticle"claimsforlossoflifeorpersonalinjurytopassengersofaship"shallmeananysuchclaimsbroughtbyoronbehalfofanypersoncarriedinthatship:
(a)underacontractofpassengercarriage,or
(b)who,withtheconsentofthecarrier,isaccompanyingavehicleorliveanimalswhicharecoveredbyacontractforthecarriageofgoods.
Article8
UnitofAccount
1.TheUnitofAccountreferredtoinArticles6and7istheSpecialDrawingRightasdefinedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.TheamountsmentionedinArticles6and7shallbeconvertedintothenationalcurrencyoftheStateinwhichlimitationissought,accordingtothevalueofthatcurrencyatthedatethelimitationfundshallhavebeenconstituted,paymentismade,orsecurityisgivenwhichunderthelawofthatStateisequivalenttosuchpayment.ThevalueofanationalcurrencyintermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatePartywhichisamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththemethodofvaluationappliedbytheInternationalMonetaryFundineffectatthedateinquestionforitsoperationsandtransactions.ThevalueofanationalcurrencyintermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatePartywhichisnotamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinamannerdeterminedbythatStateParty.
2.Nevertheless,thoseStateswhicharenotmembersoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandwhoselawdoesnotpermittheapplicationoftheprovisionsofparagraph1may,atthetimeofsignaturewithoutreservationastoratification,acceptanceorapprovaloratthetimeofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccessionoratanytimethereafter,declarethatthelimitsofliabilityprovidedforinthisConventiontobeappliedintheirterritoriesshallbefixedasfollows:
(a)inrespectofArticle6,paragraph1(a)atanamountof:
(i)5millionmonetaryunitsforashipwithatonnagenotexceeding500tons,
(ii)forashipwithatonnageinexcessthereof,thefollowingamountinadditiontothatme
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