英语国家概况.docx
- 文档编号:4727726
- 上传时间:2022-12-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:24KB
英语国家概况.docx
《英语国家概况.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语国家概况.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语国家概况
英国概况
地理
1.England
●WithLondonasitscapitalcityandthecapitaloftheU.K.;
●TheLargest,southernpartofGreatBritainwithWalestoitswestandScotlandtoitsnorth;
●TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxons
2.Scotland
●WithEdinburghasitcapitalcity;
●Threenaturalzones:
thehighlandsinthenorth
◆Thecentrallowlands(containingmostoftheindustryandpopulation)
◆Thesouthernuplands;
●GaeliclanguageisstillheardintheHighlandsandtheWesternIsles;
●TheScotsareCelts(凯尔特人)
3.Wales
●WithCardiffasitscapitalcity;
●Mostofitismountainous;
●TheWelshareCelts.
4.NorthernIreland
●WithBelfastasitscapitalcity;
●TheIrishareCelts.
山川、河流、湖泊
1.Mountains
●ThePenniesaretheprincipalmountainchaininEngland;
●BenNevis,locatedinScotland,isthehighestmountainintheGreatBritain.
2.Rivers
●ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver;
●ThemostimportantriverisThamesRiver;
●RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.
3.Lakes
●TheLoughNeaghinNorthernIrelandisthelargestLakeinBritain.
历史
1.EarlySettlers
●ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainweretheIberians伊比利亚人;
●TheCeltsarrivedaftertheIberiansanduntiltheRomans.
2.RomanOccupation
●1stto5thcentury;
●JuliusCaesarcameforthefirsttime;
●TheEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.
3.TheAnglo-Saxons
●Inthemid-5thcentury;
●InvasionofJutes朱特人:
日耳曼一族的成员,公元5至6世纪时入侵不列颠,定居在不列颠南部和东南部以及怀特岛上,SaxonsandAngles.
4.TheNormanConquest法国诺曼第人
●In1066,William,theConquerorlandedinEnglandandbuilttheNormanEmpire,andthusthefeudalsystem.
5.TheGreatCharter
●In1215,alsocalledMagnaCarter;
●Itwasastatementoffeudalandlegalrelationshipbetweenthecrownandthebarons,aguaranteeofthefreedomofthechurchandalimitationofthepoweroftheking.
6.TheBeginningofParliament
●SimondeMontfortsummonedin1265thegreatcounciltomeetatWestminsterwhichdevelopedlaterintotheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsknownasaparliament.
7.TheEnglishRenaissance
●RenaissancewasthetransitionalperiodbetweentheMiddleAgesandmoderntimes,coveringtheyears1350~1650;
●TheRenaissancebeganinItaly;
●TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargelyliterary,andachieveditsfinestexpressionintheso-calledElizabethandrama,anditsfirstexponentswereChristopherMarlowe,BenJohnson,andWilliamShakespeare.
8.TheIndustrialRevolution
●Asaresultoftheindustrialrevolution,Britainwasby1830the“workshopoftheworld”
9.ColonialExpansion
●EnglishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationofNewfoundlandin1583.By1900Britainhadbuiltupabigempire,“onwhichthesunneverset.”
10.PostwarBritain
●Oneofthemostfar-reachingconsequencesofWorldWarIIwasthatithastenedtheendofBritain’sempire.
政治
1.TheMonarchy
●TheU.K.isaconstitutionalmonarchy(君主立宪政体)
●QueenElizabethIIisthecurrentQueenandHeadoftheCommonwealth(freeassociationof50independentsovereignstates主权国whichwereoncecoloniesofBritain)
2.TheCabinetandMinistry
●HerMajesty’sGovernmentisthebodyofministersresponsiblefortheconductofnationalaffairs;
●ThePrimeMinisterpresidesoverthecabinetandabout20seniorministerscomposetheCabinet
3.Parliament
●Withamaximumof5years;
●Twochambers:
theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.
4.PoliticalParties
●Twomajorparties:
theLaborPartyandtheConservativeParty.
文化
1.Education
●Compulsoryeducationextendsfrom5to16yearsold;
●AmongthemostfamousuniversitiesareUniversityofOxford(inthecityofLondon)andUniversityofCambridge(inthecityofCambridge)
2.Religion
●Establishedchurches:
theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland;
●Unestblishedchurches:
theAnglicanChurches,theFreeChurchesandtheRomanCatholicChurch.
3.MassMedia
●Broadcasting:
theBritishBroadcastingCorporation;
●Television:
fournationalchannels,whichareBBC1,BBC2,ITVandChannel4;
●Newspapers:
DailyExpress,DailyMail,DailyMirror,DailyStar,FinancialTimes,theGuardian,theTimes,theObserver(theworld’sfirstSundaynewspaper).
●NewAgencies:
Reuters(路透社)
美国概况
地理区域
GeographicalRegions
StatesIncluded
KeyPoints
1.NewEngland
新英格兰:
美国东北的一个地区,由现在的缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州和罗得岛州组成
1)Maine
2)NewHampshire
3)Vermont
4)Massachusetts
5)RhodeIsland
6)Connecticut
●ThebirthplaceofAmerica;
●ThechiefcenteroftheAmericanWarofIndependence;
●Manyfamousuniversitieslocatedhere,suchasYale,Harvard,andMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology;
●NewEnglanderswereoriginallycalledYankees(美国佬).
2.TheMiddleAtlanticStates
1)NewYork
2)Pennsylvania
3)NewJersey
4)Delaware
5)Maryland
●WashingtonD.C.islocatedhere.
●ThecityofNewYorkisthebiggestcityoftheSateofNewYork,whosecapitalcityisAlbany.ManyfamousuniversitieslikeColumbiaUniversityandCornellUniversityarelocatedhere;
●Gettysburg,whereAbrahamLincolndeliveredhisfamousspeechTheAddressatGettysburg,isinPennsylvania.
3.TheMidwest
1)Ohio
2)Indiana
3)Michigan
4)Illinois
5)Wisconsin
6)Missouri
7)Iowa
8)Minnesota
9)Kansas
10)Nebraska
11)NorthDakota
12)SouthDakota
●America’smostimportantagriculturalarea;
●Thecountry’sleadingcenterofheavyindustry;
●TheGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains;
●Chicago,thelargestindustrialandcommercialcenterofthearea,andthelargestportontheGreatLakes;
●Detroit,theautomobilecapitaloftheworld.
4.TheSouth
1)Virginia
2)WestVirginia
3)NorthCarolina
4)SouthCarolina
5)Georgia
6)Florida
7)Alabama
8)Mississippi
9)Kentucky
10)Tennessee
11)Arkansas
12)Texas
13)Okalahoma
●Richinmineralresources;
●Containing90%oftheAmericantextileindustry;
●Florida,Atlanta,Huston,DallasandBirminghamarelocatedhere.
5.IntermountainRegion
1)Montana蒙大纳
2)Wyoming
3)Colorado
4)NewMexico
5)Arizona
6)Utah
7)Nevada
8)Idaho
●TheRockiescrossingtheregion;
●YellowStoneNationalParkandtheGrandCanyon大峡谷:
美国亚利桑那州西北部科罗拉多河的一个大峡谷
●Denver,thecapitalandbiggestcityoftheStateofColorado
●Phoenix,thecapitalandbiggestcityoftheStateofArizona
●SaltLakeCity,thecapitalcityoftheStateofUtah
●LasVegas,thebiggestcityoftheStateofNevada
6.ThePacificStates
1)California
2)Oregon
3)Washington
4)Alaska
5)Hawaii
●StateofCaliforniaiscalled“TheGoldenState”andhasthebiggestpopulation,withLosAngelesasitsbiggestcity,whichisalsothesecondbiggestcityofthecountry,nextonlytoNewYork;
●StateofWashingtonisnamedafterPresidentGeorgeWashington,withSeattleasitsbiggestcity
●StateofAlaskaisseparatedfromRussia’sSiberia西伯利亚inthewestbytheBeringStrait白令海峡,andEskimoslivehere;
●HawaiiisinthePacificOcean,andMaunaLoa莫纳罗亚山(夏威夷岛的活火山),theworld’slargestactivevolcano,islocatedhere.
重要城市
1.WashingtonD.C.
●ThecapitalcityoftheU.S.A.
●TheWhiteHouse;
●TheCapital
2.NewYork
●ThebiggestcityintheU.S.A.,andfamouscosmopolitancityintheworld
●Fiveboroughs:
Manhattan,Brooklyn,Queens,theBronxandStatenIsland;
●EmpireStatebuilding;
●StatueofLiberty
●WallStreet
●TheHeadquarteroftheUnitedNations.
3.LosAngeles
●ThesecondlargestcityintheU.S.A.
●UniversalStudiosHollywood
●Disneyland
4.Chicago
●ThebiggestindustrialcenterintheGreatLakesdistrict;
●Theworld’sbestcollectionsofmodernarchitecture.
5.Philadelphia
●IndependenceHall,wheretheDeclarationofIndependenceisdelivered.
6.SanFrancisco
●ThesecondlargestharbornexttoLosAngelesinthePacificCoast;
●Manyminorities
●GoldenGateBridge
7.Boston
●ThebirthofTranscendentalism;先验论:
与康德有关的一种哲学,认为人必须超越经验主义或体验到的东西以探知所有知识的先验原则
●HarvardCollege,StanfordUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology;
●SiliconValley.
8.Huston
●Thebiggestindustrialcenterofoil
●NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)
山川、河流、湖泊
1.Mountains
●TheAppalachian阿巴拉契亚Mountains;
●TheRockyMountains,knownastheContinentalDivide.
2.Rivers
●TheMississippiRiver,theworld’sgreatcontinentalriver,called“FatherofWaters”or“OldManRiver”
●TheOhioRiver,calledtheAmericanRuhr;
●TheColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiveronthePacificside
3.Lakes
●TheGreatLakes,locatedbetweenCanadaandtheU.S.A;
●LakeSuperior,thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld;
●LakeMichigan,theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.A.;
●LakeHuron休伦湖(北美五大湖中的第二大湖),LakeEireandLakeOntario
历史
1.DiscoveryoftheNewWorld
●In1492,byChristopherColumbus.
2.TheColonialPeriod
●1607~1733,governedbyBritain.
3.TheWarofIndependence
●Sep.,1774,theFirstContinentalCongress;
●April19,1775,thebattlesofLexingtonandConcord,thebeginningofthewar;
●1775,ContinentalArmyandNavy,ledbyGeorgeWashington;
●1776,theDeclarationofIndependence,draftedbyThomasJefferson;
●DefeatingtheBritishatSaratoga(萨拉托加:
美国纽约东部从前的一个村庄,位于哈得孙河两岸,萨拉托加斯普林斯以东。
1777年10月17日约翰·伯戈因将军率领的英军在此被打败并投降,标志着激烈的萨拉托加战役的结束(6月-10月),此役是美国独立战争的一个重要转折点),theturningpointofthewar;
●1783,theTreatyofParis,inwhichBritainrecognizedtheindependenceoftheU.S.A.;
●1789,theFederalGovernment,GeorgeWashingtonasthefirstpresident.
4.TheCivilWar
●1861~1865;
●TheUnionArmydefeatedtheConfederateArmyatGettysburg,whichwastheturningpointofthewar;
●TheNorthwon.
5.EconomicDevelopment
●GildedAge(theyearsbetweentheCivilWarandthestartofthe20thcentury)
6.TheGreatDepress
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 国家 概况