毕业设计 外文翻译.docx
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毕业设计 外文翻译.docx
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毕业设计外文翻译
淮阴工学院
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
学院:
建筑工程学院
专业:
土木工程
姓名:
金波
学号:
1121401112
外文出处:
JCENTSOUTHUNIVT
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外文原文
J.Cent.SouthUniv.(2015)22:
2730−2738
DOI:
10.1007/s11771-015-2803-4
Progressivecollapseresistingcapacityofreinforcedconcreteloadbearingwallstructures
AlirezaRahai1,AlirezaShahin1,FarzadHatami2
1.DepartmentofCivilEngineering,AmirkabirUniversityofTechnology(TehranPolytechnic)No.424,
HafezAve.,P.O.Box.15875-4413,Tehran,Iran;
2.Structural&EarthquakeResearchCenter(SERC),AmirkabirUniversityofTechnologyNo.424,
HafezAve.,P.O.Box.15875-4413,Tehran,Iran
©CentralSouthUniversityPressandSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015
Abstract:
Reinforcedconcrete(RC)loadbearingwalliswidelyusedinhigh-riseandmid-risebuildings.Duetothenumberofwallsinplanandreductioninlateralforceportion,thissystemisnotonlystrongeragainstearthquakes,butalsomoreeconomical.Theeffectofprogressivecollapsecausedbyremovalofloadbearingelements,invariouspositionsinplanandstoriesoftheRCloadbearingwallsystemwasevaluatedbynonlineardynamicandstaticanalyses.Forthispurpose,three-dimensionalmodelof10-storystructurewasselected.Theanalysisresultsindicatedstability,strengthandstiffnessoftheRCload-bearingwallsystemagainstprogressivecollapse.Itwasobservedthatthemostcriticalconditionforremovalofloadbearingwallswastheinstantaneousremovalofthesurroundingwallslocatedatthecornersofthebuildingwherethesectionsoftheloadbearingelementswerechanged.Inthiscase,themaximumverticaldisplacementwaslimitedto6.3mmandthestructurefailedafterapplyingtheloadof10timestheaxialloadboredbyremovedelements.Comparisonbetweentheresultsofthenonlineardynamicandstaticanalysesdemonstratedthatthe“loadfactor”parameterwasareasonablecriteriontoevaluatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofthestructure.
Keywords:
reinforcedconcrete(RC)loadbearingwallstructure;progressivecollapse;fibersections;nonlinearanalysis;loadfactormethod
1Introduction
Thereinforcedconcrete(RC)loadbearingwallsystemisoneofthemostappropriatestructuralsystemsformid-risebuildings,whichresultsinthereductionofconstructionalmaterialinadditiontoimprovedstrengthagainstearthquakes.Indeed,duetothedirectconnectionofslabtowallanditslargeconnectionzone,transmissionofforcesincreasesandstressconcentrationatthejointswillbegreatlyreduced.Inaddition,intersectionofthewallsincreasesstructureindeterminacyandprovidesstabilityandgoodseismicperformance.
Progressivecollapsemayhappenduetoexplosion,fire,earthquake,vehiclecollision,errorsindesignandconstructionofbuildingswithanysystemtype.Thiscanbecausedbythefailureandinstabilityinasmallpartofthestructurewhichgraduallydevelopsasachainfunctionandeventuallyleadstothecollapseofanimportantpartofthestructure.Whenthemainloadbearingelementsinbuildingsaredestroyed,theattachedelementstothedamagedonelosetheirsupportandthe
forcewhichwasboredbythedamagedelementwillberedistributedwithinthestructure.Ifthestructurecouldnotreachanewstaticequilibriumcondition,theinitialcollapsewillleadtoinstabilityanddestructioninalargepart,andthesystemwillloseitsexpectedserviceandperformancelevel.Therefore,byprogressivecollapseanalysisofthestructures,criticalelementsandweaknessesofthesystemsagainstaccidentalloadscanbedetectedandbystrengtheningthemandmakingalternativeloadpaths,structuresstabilityandresidentssafetyareinsured;whilestandardsandregulationsforanalysisanddesignofstructuresagainstprogressivecollapsehavebeenprovidedbyprofessionalorganizationsaroundtheworld.GSA[1]andUFC[2]arethemostpopular.
Alargenumberofresearchershavestudiedtheprogressivecollapsephenomenainreinforcedconcretestructures.Theyinvestigatedthevalidityandapplicabilityofthevariousanalysismethodsforaccuratepredictionofprogressivecollapseindifferentstructuralsystems.Suddenloadbearingelementlossisacommonmethodwidelyusedtoevaluatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofstructures[3].LUetal[4]investigatedthepotential
Receiveddate:
2014−08−22;Accepteddate:
2015−01−24
Correspondingauthor:
FarzadHatami,AssistantProfessor;Tel:
+98−2164545536;E-mail:
hatami@aut.ac.ir
J.Cent.SouthUniv.(2015)22:
2730−2738
2731
thepotentialofprogressivecollapseinRCmomentframestructuresusingpushdownanalysis.FollowingthesimultaneousremovaloftwoadjacentexteriorcolumnsinthefirststoryoftheHotelSanDiego,SASANI[5]evaluatedtheresponseofthesix-storyreinforcedconcreteinfilled-framestructure.KIMandJUNG[6]studiedthebehavioroftiltedbuildingstructuresandprovedtheirvulnerabilitytoprogressivecollapsecomparedtocommonstructures.Sometimes,progressivecollapseistriggeredbyconsecutiveremovalofseveralloadbearingelements.Soastoenablecommonmacromodelingprogramstomodelsuchscenarios,PACHENARIandKERAMATI[7]presentedamethodformodelingsuccessiveremovalofcolumnsusingaseriesofsubsequentanalyses.Theystatedthatthemethodcouldbeaprerequisiteofdefiningmorerealisticcollapsescenariosinrelevantguidelines.Bydouble-designingaframe-wallstructurewiththisassumptionthatithadhighorlowdesignoflateralloadsandbyremovinganexternalwallinthefirststory,BAOandKUNNATH[8]concludedthatfurtherdesignoflateralloadsleadstomoreprogressivecollapseresistanceandlessverticaldisplacementoftheupperjointoftheremovedwall.PACHENARIandKERAMATI[9]introducedrelevantbeam–slabcollapsemodesoftheimpactedstoryinthecasethatcolumnlossscenariocausesadjoiningpanelstofalldowninatwo-wayslabreinforcedconcretestructure.Theyconcludedthattheratioofbeamtoslabflexuralstrengthandexistingdeadandliveloadsonpanelsinthevicinityofimpactedpanelscouldchangethecollapsepatternandsubsequentlycontroltheprevailingcollapsemode.
However,noresearchhasbeenconductedyettoinvestigatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofthree-dimensionalRCloadbearingwallstructures.Thus,inthisworkthebehavioroftheRCloadbearingwallsystemagainstprogressivecollapseisexaminedbyusingnonlineardynamicandstaticanalyses.
2Validation
Toensuretheaccuracyofmodelingbythefibersectionmethod,theanalysisresultsofthePERFORM3DmodelwerevalidatedbyaRCloadbearingwallspecimen(THOMSENandWALLACE[10]).Thistest
wasperformedtoevaluatethebehaviorofslenderRCwallsundersimultaneousgravityandlateralloads.
2.1Detailsoftestspecimen
Thewallspecimeninvestigatedwas1/4scaledwithheightof3660mm.Figure1showsthecrosssectionofthewallandreinforcementdetails.Bytwohydraulicjacksthatwereinstalledonthetopofthewall,anaxialloadofapproximately0.07Agfc'wasapplieduniformlyandconstantlythroughouttheexperiment.Ahydraulicactuatorwhichwasmountedhorizontallyinthecornerofthehighestlevelofthewallwasusedtoapplylateralperiodicandincrementaldrift(Fig.2).
Modelingandcomparisonofanalyticalandexperimentalresults
Duetothetwo-dimensionalanalysis,translations
androtationsnormaltothewallplainwerepreventedandallthewalljointswereconstrainedtothediaphragmforin-plaindisplacements.Wallsupportswereassumedtoberestrained.Nonlinearpropertiesofthewallweredefinedbyfibersectionsandassigningnonlinearmaterialstress-straincurvestothesefibers.Basiccalibratedparametersindefiningthematerialstress−straincurvearepresentedinTable1.RelationsproposedbyMANDERetal[11]wereusedindefiningthestress−straincurveofconcrete.Itshouldbenotedthatthestress−straincurveofconfinedconcretewasassignedtoconcretefibersofthewallboundaryandstress−straincurveofunconfinedconcretewasassignedtoconcretefibersofthewallweb.
Nonlinearstaticanalysis(Pushover)wasperformedintwosteps:
Step1):
Theaxialloadwasappliedtothewall.Step2):
Byholdingtheaxialloadconstantandwith
initialconditionsofthepreviousstep,thelateralloadwasappliedincrementallyandincreasedstepbystepuntildisplacementofthehighestlevelreachedthetargetdisplacement.
Toobtainthecyclicbehaviorandhysteresisloopsofthewall,nonlineardynamicanalysiswasperformedfollowingtheseprocedures:
Theaxialloadwasappliedtothewall.
Byholdingtheaxialloadconstantandwithinitialconditionsofthepreviousstep,thelateral
Fig.1Reinforcingdetailsofsecimen(THOMSENandWALLACE[10])
2732J.Cent.SouthUniv.(2015)22:
2730−2738
Fig.2Applieddisplacementhistory[10]
displacementrecordwasappliedtothewallbyaspringelement.Thiselementhadtobeverystiffversusstructurestiffnessandonlytransitionalstiffnesshadtobeconsidered.
Figure3comparestheresultsoftheanalyticalandexperimentalmodels.Theanalyticalmodelcapturedthemeasuredresponsereasonablywell.Theanalysisresultsclearlyreflectedactualcharacteristicsofcyclicwallresponse,includingstiffnessdegradation,shapeofthe
load-displacementhysteresisloopsandplastic(residual)displacementsatzeroloads.Thelateralcapacityofthewallwaspredictedverycloselyformostofthelateraldriftlevels.Itshowsthatthemodelingofloadbearingwallsections
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