新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册答案Unit8.docx
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新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册答案Unit8.docx
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新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册答案Unit8
Uint8
II.BasicListeningPractice
1.Script
M:
Scentistsclaimtheworldpopulationhas99.5%ofthesameDNA.
W:
Butthisdoesn’ttellusthereisnosuchthingasrace.
Q:
WhatistrueoftheDNAofdifferenceraces?
2.Script
W:
Withtheadventofthegeneticmapweknowwhereeverythingis,butdoweknowwheretogowithit?
M:
Yourmapseemstodifferlargelyfrommygeographicalmap!
Q:
Whatdoesthemanimply?
3.Script
M:
Asyouknow,ithastakenmillionsofyearsofevolutionandnaturalselectiontogetuswherewearetoday.
W:
Yes,butnowthatwehavegeneticengineering,weseemtohavedecidedthatwewanttobeGod.
Q:
Whatdoesthewomanimply?
4.Script
M:
Ithinktheresearchintocloningwillleadusintodangers,fillinguswithfalsehopesofperfection.
W:
It’stoolatetoturnbacktheclock.We’lljusthavetodependoncommonsensetosolveuncommonproblems.
Q:
Whatdoesthewomanmean?
5.Script
W:
InAmerica,manyprisonersarehavingtheircasesreviewed,andsomehaveevenbeenfreedthroughDNAtesting.
M:
Exceptfortheoneswhosedeathsentencehasalreadybeencarriedout.
Q:
WhatcanwelearnaboutDNAtestingfromthedialog?
Keys:
1.B2.C3.D4.A5.C
III.ListeningIn
Task1:
StemCellResearch
Script
Gregory:
TheRepublicanpartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresearch.Ifindit
hardtobelievethatinthisdayandage,someonewoulddothat.
Lillian:
Stemcellresearchsoundsprettyimpressive,I’lladmit.Butjustwhatisit?
Gregory:
Well,astemcellisaspecialtypeofcell.Itisageneralcellthat,whenitdevides,canbecomeanyspecifictypeofcell.
Lillian:
Youmean,astemcellcanbecomeaheartcell?
Orabrainorakidneycell?
Gregory:
That’saboutit.Stemcellsareapartofthebody’smaintenanceandrepairsystem.Whentheydivide,theycanbecomeanycelltype.
Lillian:
Iguesstherewouldbesometremendousmedicaladvantagesinthatsortofresearch.
Gregory:
You’vesaidamouthful.Recently,scientistswereabletohelpamanwholostajawboneforcancer.Theyrecreatedbonematerialforhisjawfromstem
cells.Whatitmeansisthatsincethenewbonewascreatedoutofthe
person’sowncells,therewasnoproblemwithrejectionbecausetheDNA
wasthesame.
Lillian:
Ibetthepersonwasdelighted.Whywouldanyoneopposethatsortofresearch?
Itwouldseemtohaveendlesspotentialtobenefitthehumanrace.Gregory:
Iagree,buttherearepeoplewhothinkweshouldnotinterferewithnatureandmanipulate“whatisnatural”.
Lillian:
It’seasiertoholdsuchanarrowviewifyou’renotinapositiontoneedthebenefitsoftheresearch.Ifyou’remissingajawbonebecauseofcancer,you
probablysupporttheresearch.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.Whoisagainststemcellresearch?
3.Whatisspecialaboutastemcell?
4.Whencanastemcellbecomeanothercelltype?
5.Accordingtothepassage,whydosomepeopleopposestemcellresearch?
Keys:
1.B2.A3.A4.A5.D
Task2:
TheImprovementofRice
Script
Scientistsnowknowalotmoreaboutagrainthatpeoplehaveeatenfortenthousandyears.(S1Researchteamsaroundtheworldhavecompletedamapofthe(S2genesofrices.Thefindingsappearedlastweekinthe(S3journalNature.
Theaimistospeeduptheimprovementofrice.Thescientists(S4warnthatthekindsofriceplantsusednowhavereachedthelimitoftheir(S5productivity.Yetworldriceproductionmust(S6growbyanestimated30percentinthenexttwentytomeetdemand.By2025,asmanyas4.6billionpeoplewilldependonricefor(S7survival.Thereisalotofpressureonbreederstoimprovethecrop,andthericegenomeisavaluabletooltodothat.(S8Plantbreedershavealreadyusedpreliminaryinformationfromthericegenometocreateexperimentalstrainsofrice
thatbetterresistcoldandpests.
Theresearchersalsosayriceisanexcellentchoiceforgeneticmappingandengineering.Ricegeneshaveonlyabout390millionchemicalbases.Thatmaightsoundlikealot.Butothermajorfoodgrainshavethousandsofmillions.(S9Thenewmapcouldbetterexplainmorethanjustrice.Ricesharesacommonancestorwithothercerealcrops.Becausericeisthefirstcerealcroptobefullyanalyzed,researchersexpectthatsufficientknowledgeofitsgeneticinformationwillrevealtheheredityofmorecomplexgrains,includingcorn,wheatandbarley.
(S10Whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeintheanalysisofthericegenome,themappingofhumangenesisalsomakingheadway.Whenscientistscanidentifyandmanipulategenesthatcausecertaindiseases,mankindwillcurethemeasily.Thehumangeneticmapmayhelpuscontrolaperson’sheight,weight,appearanceandevenlengthoflife.
Task3:
TheFirstClonedCat
Script
Intheage-oldbattleofcatsanddogs,scoreoneforthecats.ResearchersatTexasA&MUniversityrecentlyannouncedthattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedacatnameRainbow—thefirstpetevercloned—afterseveralyearsofunsuccessfuleffortstocloneadognameMissy.
Theork,financedbyacompanyhopingtoprovidepet-cloningservicestowealthyowners,addscatstoagrowinglistofsuccessfullyclonedanimalsthatincludespigs,sheep,cattleandmice.
Thesuccessdemonstratescloningisatechnologythatcouldbetransferredtootheranimalfamiliesaswell.Theaccomplishmentmayprovidenewtoolsforstudyingdiseasessuchascats’AIDS,avaluableresearchmodelforAIDSinhumans.Researchintoanimalcloningremainsanimportantscientificalternativeuntiltheissueofhumancloningissettled.Andthatseemsunliklyintheimmediatefuture,foritinvolvesreligiousandmoralprinciples.Thereare,forexample,groupsthatinsistnooneshouldbeallowedtotakeontheroleofGodtheCreator.
Tocreateclonedcatembryosfortheexperiment,researcherstransferredDNAfromadultcatcellsintoeggcellsstrippedoftheirowngeneticinformation.Outof82attemptswithclonedembryos,oneattemptresultedinafailedpregnancy,andanotheryieldedakittennamedCC,deliveredfromasurrogatemotheronDecember22.Thekitten’snamerefersto“CarbonCopy”and“Copycat”,thenameofthecloningproject.
Cloningattemptswithdogshaveprovenunsuccessfulinpartbecausedogs’reproductivecyclesaremorecomplicated.
ThetechniquemayalsoworkwithendangeredcatssuchastheAfricanwildcat,fishingcatandblackfootedcat.
Ironically,theincreasedknowledgeofcatreproductionmaybestbesuitedfor
developingcatcontraceptivestocontroltheU.S.catpopulation.
1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
1.WhatdidresearchersatTexasA&MUniversityrecentlyannounce?
2.WhichanimalsareNOTmentionedinthepassageashavingbeencloned?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whyishumancloningunlikelytohappeninthenear
future?
4.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepregnancyandbirthincatcloning?
Keys:
1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C
IV.SpeakingOut
MODEL1Whyarepeopleprotestingagainst
geneticallymodifiedfoods?
Susan:
Withsomanypeoplesufferingfrommalnutritionaroundtheworld,whyarepeopleprotestingagainstgeneticallymodifiedfoods?
Chris:
Somepeopleareprotestingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods,butevenmorepeopleareprotestingthefactthatprocessedfoodscontainingtheseingredientsaren’tlabeled.
Susan:
Butwhyshouldtheybelabeled?
Chris:
Noteveryoneissurethatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsaresafe.Theywanttobecertainthatbiotechfoodshavethesmecompositionasorganicfoods.Susan:
Buttherearemoreurgentproblemsinthisworld.Manypeoplearedyingofstarvation.
Chris:
Butthosewhoaren’tstarvingmaywantgeneticallymodifiedfoodstobelabeledsotheyknowwhatfoodstheyshouldanddshouldn’teat.
Susan:
Youknow,Iheardofageneticallymodifiedfishthatgrewtobetentimesitsnormalsize.
Chris:
Thatsuresoundsabnormal.
Susan:
Yeah,itdoessoundabitstrange,butthatfishcouldfeedtentimesasmanypeople.
Chris:
You’reright;geneticallymodifiedfoodmighthelpsolveworldhunger.ButIthinkwehavearighttoknowwhatweareeating.
MODEL2Doyouthinkthecloningofhumans
shouldbeforbiddenbylaw?
Script
Susan:
AfterthecloningofDollythesheep,Ithinkhumancloningisnext.
John:
Whoa.Ihavesomereservationsaboutit.Therearestllmanyscientificproblems
tosolvebeforehumancloningstarts.
Susan:
There’saneasierway.TheClonaidCompanysaysthey’veclonedhumans.John:
Oh,myGod!
Theseguysclaimaliensfromanotherplanettaughtthemhumancloning.
Susan:
Awomangavethemhalfamilliondollarstocloneherdeaddaughter.John:
Clearlythatwomandoesn’tknowmuchaboutcloning.Howriskyitis!
Susan:
Iknowit’sinefficient.Ittook276triestoproduceDolly.Butwhyisitrisky?
John:
Clonedanimalsgrowabnormallylargeandageunnaturallyfast.
Susan:
Inotherwords,thatwomanmaynotbehappywithhercloneddaughter.John:
Thentherearetheemotions.Nooneknowsifcloningdamagesthemind.Susan:
Doyouthinkthecloningofhumansshouldbeforbiddenbylaw?
John:
Tomymind,thecloningofhumanorgansshouldn’tbeprohabited.Itmayhelpsolvemedicalproblems.
Susan:
Iseeyourpoint:
cloningshouldberegulatedifit’stobenefithumanity.
MODEL3Isitinterferingwithnature?
Script
Nora:
Somereligiousgroupsareopposedtogeneticresearch.Theybelieveit’sinterferingwithnature.
John:
Iknow.Butnaturecanbeprettyhard-nosedtoo,soweoftenneedtointerferewithher—webuilddamstocontrolflooding.
Nora:
There’remanydiseasesthatareapartofnature,andtheycausepeopleagreatdealofmisery:
canceranddiabetes,forexample.
John:
Abetterunderstandingofthegeneticcodethatcontrolsourbodywouldbe
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