四 级 作 文 写 作 宝 典.docx
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四 级 作 文 写 作 宝 典.docx
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四级作文写作宝典
四级作文写作宝典
首段的写法
具体写法:
1.对于题目中提出的论述、问题的重述
Whenitcomesto…,somethink/believe/hold/claim…
Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...
Recently,theproblemof…hasarousedpeople’sconcern.
Nowadays,(overpopulation)hasbecomeaproblemwehavetoface.
Recently,…hasbeenbroughtintofocus/publicattention.
Inrecentyears,…hasbecomeahottopicdomesticallyandinternationally.
Thesedays,weofternhearabout….
Likeacoinhastwosides,thereisapositiveaspectandanegativeaspectto…
Ithaslongbeenacontentiousissueasto…
Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussed…tomanyfamiliesthat….
…hasarousedmuchpublicconcerninChina.
Acommongroundhasbeenreachedthat…
Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…
Itisacommonsceneinbigcitiesthat...
Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat....
Nowhereinhistoryhas…beenmorevisiblerecently.
Oneoftheburningquestionsfacingoursocietytodayis…
以提问的方式来开头。
以问题开始一篇论文往往可以引起读者的注意,吸引读者继续读下去,较好的起到了开端引题的作用。
如:
Shouldweallowthegovernmenttoestablishanewcollegeoruniversityinourneighborhood?
Shouldweencouragepeopletomakeareservationforluxuriousspacetravel?
2.对于该论述/问题,表明自己的观点
开门见山式:
Inmyopinion/Personally,…
Frommypointofview,Ithink/believe/hold…
Myviewisthat…
Asformyself/Formypart,Iwouldliketo…
Myansweris…
Icannotagreemorewith…
AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldpreferto…
AsfarasIamabletojudge,…
Itseemsquitecleartomethat…
C.这是…(Itis+adj.+todo/that…)形容词可以替换
Itisencouragedforusto…
Itisbeneficialtodo/that…
Itisunrealisticthat…
评价引用观点:
这种方法适用于“对比选择型”作文
A.表示同意(前方必有一观点)
Iabsolutelyagreeto/withit.
Icouldnotagreemoreto/withtheopinion.
Iwouldgoalongwiththispointofview.
Iamforthatsolution.
Ivoteforthissuggestion.
ThatisexactlyhowIseeit.
B.表示不同意(前方必有一观点)
Idisagreeto/withit.
Iamagainstthatsolution.
Idoubtwhethertheargumentcanbearmuchanalysis.
Idoubtwhethertheargumentcanholdwater.
C.表示同意一方(前方必有两种对立观点)
Iabsolutelyagreeto/withtheformer/latteropinion.
Icouldnotagreemoreto/withtheformer/latteropinion.
Iwouldgoalongwiththeformer/latterone.
Iamfortheformer/lattersolution.
Ivotefortheformer/latter.
Others,includingme,holdthat…
Theissueofwhetherornot…hasbeenwidely/heatedlydebatedcurrently/recently.quiteafewpeopleclaim….Ontheotherhandd,thosewhothinkdifferentlyarguethat….Asforme/AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmyopinion…
Thereisnodenyingthateverythinghastwosides.Butwhenweweighthismeasure’sadvantagesagainstitsdisadvantages,wecanseeeasilythatitsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages.SoI’mforit.
People’sviewson…varyfrompersontoperson.Someholdthat….However,othersbelievethat….
三七分观点:
这种方法适用于“对比选择型”作文
A.although…(although前是观点)
Globally,Ibelieve…,althoughseveralindividualcasesshouldbeconsidered.
Universally,Ihardlybelieve…,althoughseveralmeritsshouldbeobservedinsomecases.
B.but方式(but后是观点)
Itisinpartbeneficialtoapersonoragroup,butIstillinsist…
Itissometimesbeneficialtoapersonoragroup,butIassert…
3.对于文章的主体段落布局的预先交代
以间接的语言引出整篇文章主体段落的大致布局,如:
Inmyopinion,computerswouldjeopardizetheoverallwell-beingofhumansinthreefundamentalways.
Asto…,therearetwoopposingviews,whichhavecausedquiteacontroversyamongcitizens.
Therearethreereasonsforthis.
Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.
主体段落的具体写法
写好主题句需要注意的事项:
1.主题句要概括一定内容,不要空泛,否则扩展句将难以说明和支持它
2.尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子
3.主题句应该使表达的主题思想完整
转承启合的词汇和表达法
表示顺序的
顺序1顺序2顺序3结论
First,…Second,…Third,…Inconclusion,…
Firstly,…Secondly,…Thridly,…Toconcluse,…
Initially,…Next,…Finally,…Insummary,…
Firstofall,…Then,…Lastly,…Tosumup
Inthefirstplace,…Lastbutnotleast,…Tosummarize,…
Tobeginwith,…Lastbutbynomeansleast,…Allinall,…
Ashasbe
表示其它的
举例同时强调结果
Forexample,…Meanwhile,…Infact,…So,…
Ananexample,…Inthemeantime,….Actually,…Th
递进类似转折让步
And,…Similarly,…However,…Although,…
Besides,…Likewise,…Instead(of)Despite...
Moreover,…Inlikemanner,…Conversely,…Inspite
Inaddition,…Inthesameway,…By/Incontrast,…Albeit…
Additionally,…Accordingly,…Onthecontrary,…
What’smore,…Ontheotherhand,…
Furthermore,…
必不可少的过渡词汇
强调
still,Indeed,apparently,oddlyenough,ofcourse,afterall,significantly,interestingly,also,aboveall,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,inanycase,anyway,aboveall,infact,especially,obviously,clearly.
比较
like,similarly,likewise,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,equally.
对比
bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,conversely,differentfrom,however,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,unlike,yet,incontrast.
列举
forexample,forinstance,suchas,take…forexample.Except(for),toillustrate.
时间
after,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,inthemeanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,assoonas,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,now,afterawhile.
顺序
first,second,third,then,finally,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,next,aboveall,lastbutnottheleast,firstandmostimportant.
可能
presumably,probably,perhaps.
解释
inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,namely,insimplerterms.
递进
Whatismore,inaddition,and,besides,also,furthermore,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,additionally,again.
让步
although,afterall,inspiteof…,despite,evenif,eventhough,though,admittedly,whatevermayhappen.
转折
however,ratherthan,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately.whereas
原因
forthisreason,dueto,thanksto,because,becauseof,as,since,owingto.
结果
asaresult,thus,hence,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,asconsequence.
总结
onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,inshort.
其他
Mostly,occasionally,currently,naturally,mainly,exactly,evidently,frankly,commonly,forthis
purpose,toalargeextent,formostofus,inmanycases,inthiscase
拓展句的文字表述:
A.给出多条理由:
First(ly),…Second(ly),…Last(ly),…第一点,…第二点,…第三点…
Tobeginwith,…首先,(用于提出第一条理由)
Firstofall,…首先,…(用于提出第一条理由)
Thefirstandmostimportantreasonisthat…(用于提出第一条理由)
Ontheotherhand,…另一方面,…(经常用于在给出一条理由后,给出其他理由)
Anotherequallyimportantaspectis…另一个同样重要的方面是…(经常用于在给出一条理由后,给出其他理由)
Besides,otherreasonsare…除此之外,另外的理由是…(经常用于在给出一条理由后,给出其他理由)
Foronething…,foranother…一方面…,另一方面…(给出两条理由)
Lastbutnotleast,…最后但也很重要,…(经常用于给出最后一条理由)
Thereareanumberofreasonsformychoice.Foronething/Ononehand…;foranother/ontheotherhand…
B.提出假想例子的方式:
Wecanassume…我们可以假定…
Let’sassumethat…假使…
Supposethat…假定…
Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif…如果…,考虑会怎样。
Itisreasonabletoexpect…预计…是合情合理的。
Itisnotsurprisingthat…….并不奇怪。
C.举普通例子
Forexample(instance),…例如…
…suchasA,B,Candsoon(soforth).如A,B,C等等。
Agoodcaseinpointis…一个很恰当的例子是…
Aparticularexampleforthisis…对此,一个特别的例子是…
Considerthecaseof…考虑…的例子
Let’stake…asanexample,…让我们以…为例,…
D.引用
Oneofthegreatestearlywriters/thinkers/scientistssaid…一个伟大的作家/思想家等曾说过,…
“…”,suchistheremarkofaworldknown…“…”是出自…的一句名言.
“…”Thatishow…comment/criticize/praise/remark.“…”是这样评价/批评/夸奖…的。
“…”Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.我们经常听到这样的话。
E.提出原因
Therearemanyreasonsfor…对于…可能有很多原因。
Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.这个问题的答案可能涉及到多方面的因素。
Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves…任何对此问题的讨论都不可避免地涉及…
Thefirstreasoncanbeobviouslyseen.第一个原因是显而易见的。
Mostpeoplewouldagreethat…大多数人都同意…
Somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact…一些人可能忽略了事实上…
Otherssuggestthat…其他人认为…
Partoftheexplanationis…部分的解释是…
F.进行对比
TheadvantagesofAoutweighthedisadvantagesofB.A的优点超越了B的缺点。
Although…enjoysadistinctadvantage…尽管…具有明显的优势,但是…
Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightthanBwhensomethingisconcerned.就某事而言,A的重要性超越了B.
…maybe…,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat….…可能会…,但是他有一个缺点…
Incomparison/contrast,……比较/对比起来…
G.承上启下
Tounderstandthetruthof…,itisalsoimportanttosee…为了清楚…的真相,也需要考虑一下…
Astudyof…willmakethispointclear.对…进行研究就会把这一点弄清楚。
H.让步
Certainly/Admittedly,Bhasitsownadvantages,suchas…当然B也有其自己的优点,例如…
IdonotdenythatAhasitsownmerits.我并不否认A有其自己的优点。
经典句型
时间(首段引题句子)
Inthisday,…/Inrecentyears,…/Inthepastfewyears,…
Nowadays/Thesedays/Recently/Currently,…
Alongwiththedevelopment/improvement/advancesof/in…,…
As…,…
空间(首段引题句子)
Inmany/mostcountriesoftheworld…
Aroundtheworld…
事件(首段引题句子)
…hasbeeninthelimelight/broughtintofocus.
…hasaroused/drawnwide/publicattention/concern
Oneoftheproblems/issueswearefacedwithisthat…
Thereisaheared/vehementdebate/discussionon…
Anyonewho…isawareof…
Nowmostdangerousforournationisthetrendof…whichispervasivein…
Avirtualepidemicof…isnowunderwayinthiscountry.Accordingtoarecentpoll,…
Nowinmanybigcities,anoverwhelmingmajorityofthepublic…Whataccountsforthephenomenon?
提出作者观点
Personally/Frankly/Frommypointofview,Ithink/believe/holdthat…
Personally/Frankly/Frommypointofview,Iamagainst/for…
Inmyopinion/AsIseeit/AsfarasIamconcerned,…
同意/反对
I(absolutely)agreewith…
Icouldnotagreemorewith…
Idisagree(entirely)with…
I(really)cannotaccept…
Whileitiscommonlybelieved/generallyheld/widelyacceptedthat…,butIbelieve…
Contrarytothewidely-held/popularbelief/thought,Iprefer/thinkdifferentlythat…
争论
Somepeoplesay/thinkthat…,whileothersbel
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