混合动力电动运输卡车露天采矿外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx
- 文档编号:529530
- 上传时间:2022-10-10
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:59.49KB
混合动力电动运输卡车露天采矿外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx
《混合动力电动运输卡车露天采矿外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《混合动力电动运输卡车露天采矿外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
混合动力电动运输卡车露天采矿外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译
HybridElectricHaulageTrucksforOpenPitMining
Abstract:
HybridElectricVehiclesimprovefueleconomybytakingadvantageoftheInternalCombustionEngine(ICE)peakefficiencyoperatingenvelopeandusinganenergystoragesystemtosupplydrivepowerwhentheICEhaslowerefficiency.Toachievethis,ahybriddesignrequiresanICE,agenerator/motor,motorcontrollers,andanelectricenergystoragesystem(battery)whichcanbeconnected-upinavarietyofwayssuchas,Parallel,andSeries-Parallelconfigurations.
Multiplestrategieshavebeendevelopedforhybridelectricvehiclesenergymanagementwhichmakedecisionsbasedoninputssuchasbatterystateofcharge,drivertorquedemand,vehiclespeed,andtransmissiongear.Forexample,asthestateofchargeofthebatterydecreases,itbecomesmorecostlytousetheelectricityandhencethecontrolsystemtendstotransitionthepowersourcefrombatterytofuel.
Althoughhybrid-electrichaulagetruckshavebeenimplemented,energystoragehasnotbeenafeatureofthesesystems.ThesetrucksaretypicallyarrangedinSeriesconfigurationwheretheengineiscompletelydecoupledfromthewheelsandusedtoprovideelectricpowerthroughageneratorwhichpowerselectricmotorsoneachofthewheels.Theabsenceofabatteryisanexampleoflostopportunityforfueleconomyimprovementsthroughregenerativebreakingandengine-offoperation.
Thispaperdiscussesthefueleconomyquestionwithrespecttoroadgeometrydataandfuturespeeds,aconditionthatcanbedeterminedforanautonomoushaulagesystemwithrelativeease.Real-timeaccesstosuchdatacanbeputtoadvantagetomaximizefueleconomy.Withalook-a-headsystem,evenifthestateofchargeislow,thetruckcancontinuetousetheelectricsystemifadownhillstretchisknowntobeahead,sothesystemknowsitcancharge-upusingregenerativebreaking.
Keywords:
HybridElectric,Autonomous,Mining,HaulageTrucks,FuelEconomy
1.INTRODUCTION
HybridElectricVehicles(HEVs)havebecomepopularalternativestoconventionalvehiclesastheyreducegreenhousegasemissionsaswellasimprovefueleconomy.ThesevehiclesimprovefueleconomybytakingadvantageoftheInternalCombustionEngine(ICE)peakefficiencyoperatingenvelopeandusinganenergystoragesystemtosupplementdrivepowerwhentheenginehaslowerefficiency.Thehybridelectricpowertraintechnologyhasmainlybeenimplementedforvehiclesandsmalltomediumsizedtrucks.Thetechnologyisyettoemergeinverylargetruckssuchashaulagetrucksusedinopenpitmining.Althoughsomecommerciallyavailablemininghaulagetruckshaveelectricdrivesincorporatedintotheirpowertrainsuchasthe960EofferedbyKomatsuorthe795FACmodelofferedbyCaterpillarInc.,theydonotprovidethetruefuelsavingpotentialofhybridsduetotheabsenceofanenergystoragesystem.In2008,GEteamedwithKomatsuandthe
U.S.DepartmentofEnergytodemonstratetheworld’sfirsthybridelectricdrivesysteminamininghaulagetruck.Thispaperdiscussestheincrementalfueleconomyimprovementinahybridelectricvehicleachievedbyhavingpriorknowledgeofroadgeometryandspeeds,aconditionpossiblewithanautonomoushaulagesystem.
1.OVERVIEWOFHYBRIDELECTRICPOWERTRAIN
AnHEV’spower-plantconsistsofacombustionengine,anelectricmotor/generator,motorcontrollers,andanenergystoragesystem(battery,ultra-capacitors,etc.).
Theefficiencyofaninternalcombustionenginechangeswithoperatingspeedandtorque.Thetorqueproducedbytheengineiscontrolledbyadjustingtheairandfuelmixturefeedingtheengine.Theenginespeedisafunctionofthenettorqueandtheloadgovernedbylawsofkinetics.EfficiencydataofanengineareusuallypresentedintheformofBrakeSpecificFuelConsumption(BSFC),representingfuelconsumptionperunitenergyatdifferentoperatingspeedsandloads.BSFCvaluesareinverselyproportionaltotheengineefficiency.Figure1isanexampleofaBSFCmap.
Figure1:
BrakeSpecificFuelConsumption(g/kWh)
(Xiong,Zhang,Yin,2009)
Thehorizontalandverticalaxesrepresentenginespeedandtorquerespectively.ForFigure1,thehighestefficiencypointfortheenginetooperateisabout1300RPMatatorqueof350Nm.Tomaximizefuelefficiencyonagivencycle,theengineshouldoperateasclosetothelowestBSFCvalueforaslongatimeaspossible.
Essentially,theonlyfeedbackfromthedrivertotheenginecontrolsystemisthetorquerequestwhichismappedtotheacceleratorpedalandtranslatedtoanenginetorquerequestbasedonthecurrenttransmissiongear.Inaconventionalvehiclewithanautomatictransmission,theprimaryfactorbywhichthecontrolsystemselectstheappropriategearistheBSFCmapbarringanyspeedortorquelimitation.Shiftingupforexample,allows
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 混合 动力 电动 运输 卡车 露天 采矿 外文 文献 翻译 中英文