最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题.docx
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最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题.docx
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最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题
(完整)大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题)
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I.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue。
NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly.
1.Clear[1]anddark[ł]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution。
(P24)
2。
Morphologyisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.(P32)
3.Consonantsoundscanbeeither voicelessorvoiced,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced。
(P16)
4。
Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheCooperative principleproposedbyJ。
Grice.(P86-87)
5. Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalledasynchronicstudyoflanguage。
(P4)
6. Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithanyobstructionwhenasoundisproduced.(P18)
7. XPmaycontainmorethanjustX。
Forexample,theNP“theboywholikesthispuppy”consistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthespecifier,NtheheadandSthecomplement.(P46)
9. Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanutteranceisconcreteandcontext-dependent.(P70)
11。
Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.(P70)
12.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.(P70)
13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel。
Thisdesignfeatureiscalledduality。
(P70)
14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thepharyngealcavity,theoralcavityandthenasalcavity.(P15)
16。
Suprasegmentalfeaturessuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.(P70)
18。
Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.(P70)
19.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasarticulatoryphonetics,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.(P15)
21. Syntax_studiesthesentencestructureoflanguage。
(P70)
22。
Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”arehomonymy。
(P70)
23.Speechacttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.(P70)
24.Themodernlinguisticsisdescriptive,notprescriptive,anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata。
(P70)
25。
Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhileparolecontrastedwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividualspeaker.(P70)
26。
Insemantictriangle,therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect,anditismediatedbyconcept。
(P70)
27。
H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandbroadtranscription。
(P70)
28。
Inthecooperativeprinciple,Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims。
Theyaremaximofquality,maximofquantity,maximofrelationandmaximofmanner。
(P70)
29。
Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageinuse.(P70)
30.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechangeorhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage。
(P70)
II.Directions:
Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse。
PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement。
(T)1。
Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto。
(T)2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.
(T)3。
Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.
(T)4。
Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thespokenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons。
(F)5.Thecompoundword“reading—room”istheplacewhereapersoncanreadbooks。
Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.
(T)6.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.
(T)7.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension。
(T)8。
Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors"forlanguageusage。
(T)9。
Theopen—classwordsincludeprepositions.
(T)10。
Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i。
e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto。
(T)11。
Therelationshipof“flower”,“violet”,“rose”and“tulip"ishyponymy。
(F)12。
Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds。
(sunrise)
(T)13.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation。
(F)14。
Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.
(F)15。
Themeaning—distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.
(F)16.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.
(F)17.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!
”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”
(T)18。
Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.
(F)19.AccordingtoN。
Chomsky, ”competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance。
(F)20.TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.
(F)21.Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.
(T)22。
Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.
(F) 23。
Anillocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance。
(T)24。
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
(T)25.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten。
(F)26.InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.
(F)27.Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
(T)28.Conversationalimplicatureisakindofimpliedmeaning,deducedonthebasisoftheconventionalmeaningofwordstogetherwiththecontext,undertheguidanceoftheCPanditsmaxims.
(F)29。
Pragmaticfailuremayoccurincross-culturalcommunication,i。
e.betweenspeakersofdifferentculturalbackgrounds,butnotoccurinintra—culturalcommunicationi。
e.betweenspeakersofthesameculturalbackground。
(T)30。
Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.
III.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustrationwhennecessary。
1。
diachroniclinguistics
Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,e.g.thestudyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.
2。
synchroniclinguistics
Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageatoneparticularpointoftime,e。
g。
thestudyofthekindofEnglishusedduringShakespeare’stime。
3。
Language
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
4。
context
Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer。
5.blending
Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords。
E.g.smog-——smoke+fog.
6。
reference
Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality。
7.broadtranscription
Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly。
Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.
8.aminimalpair
Apairofsoundcombinationswhichareidenticalineverywayexceptonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesamepositioninthestrings,e.g./pit/and/bit/.
9.homonymy
Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth。
eg。
night/knight;leadv./leadn。
;fastadj./fastv。
10。
hyponymy
Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness, thatis,thesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.e。
g。
Therelationshipof“flower",“violet”,“rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.
11.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)
Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage。
Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofh
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