新编英语教程第二册unit 4.docx
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新编英语教程第二册unit 4.docx
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新编英语教程第二册unit4
Unit4
I.Lead-in
II.LanguageStructures
MainTeachingPoints
1.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhen
e.g.12October1992wasthedaywhenColumbuslandedinAmerica.
2.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhere
e.g.Akitchnetteisasmallroomwherepeoplecooktheirmeals.
3.Therelativeclauseprecededbytheway(inwhich)
e.g.Ilikethewayshespoke.
4.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhy
e.g.Isthatthereasonwhywehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?
Languagenote
Theworddatemeansthestatementofthetime(day,month,year;one,two,orallthreeofthese)whensomethinghappenedoristohappen.
DialogueStudyDreams
A.BackgroundNotes
Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretation
PsychoanalyticdreaminterpretationisasubdivisionofdreaminterpretationaswellasasubdivisionofpsychoanalysispioneeredbySigmundFreudintheearlytwentiethcentury.Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretationistheprocessofexplainingthemeaningofthewaytheunconsciousthoughtsandemotionsareprocessedinthemindduringsleep.
Therehavebeenmultiplemethodsusedinpsychoanalyticdreaminterpretation,includingFreud'smethodofdreaminterpretation,thesymbolicmethod,andthedecodingmethod.TheFreudianmethodisthemostprominentlyusedinpsychoanalysisandhasbeenforthelastcentury.Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretationisusedmainlyfortherapeuticpurposesinavarietyofsettings.Althoughthesetheoriesareused,nonehavebeensolidlyprovenandmuchhasbeenleftopentodebateamongresearchers.Somestudieshaveshownthatareasofdreaminterpretationcanbeinvalidandthereforeadeclineinimportancehasbeenseeninpsychoanalyticdreaminterpretation.
B.LanguagePoints
1.startoffby:
Ifyoustartoffbydoingsth.,youdoitasthefirstpartofanactivity.
e.g.Iwanttostartoffbyapologizingfornothavingsubmitthereportearlier.
2.beofuse---beuseful
beofdifficult---bedifficulty
beofgreatimportance---beveryimportant
3.overandover---repeatedly,otherexpressionswiththesamemeaninginclude:
againandagain,overandoveragain,timeandagain,timeandtimeagain.
e.g.Thenewwordturnedupoverandoverinthearticle,whichmadeunderstandingdifficultforme.
4.recur:
v.happenagainorrepeatedly再发生,重现n.recurrence重现,反复;a.recurrent经常发生的,反复的
e.g.arecurringproblem/error/illness
recurtosb./sth.(想法/事情等)在头脑中重现
1)Thisisaproblemwhichwillconstantlyrecurandentailthesameconsequences.
2)Ourfirstencounteroftenrecurstomymind.
---occur:
v.happen,comeintobeing发生;exist,tobefound存在
e.g.1)Theexplosionoccurredat5:
30a.m.
2)Thiskindofdiseasemostlyoccurswhenthereisaconstantshortageofcleandrinkingwater.
3)Ithasneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.
5.scenarion.writtenoutlineofafilm,play,etc.(电影、戏剧等的)脚本,剧情概要;aseriesofrelatedeventsthatformapattern一系列事件,事态发展局面
e.g.possible/likely/plausiblescenario可能发生的局面
worst-case/nightmarescenario最坏的局面,最糟糕的情形
1)Thescenariohasbeenremade20times.
2)Ourmotherlandwasoncedeeplyinvolvedinthescenarioofsufferingandloss.
6.approachv.comeneartosb./sth.接近,靠近;speaktosb.aboutsth.forthefirsttimefortheirsupportoropinion接洽,商量;dealwithortackleaproblem处理,应对
n.actofapproaching接近,靠近;way,path,road通路,道路;wayofdealingwithsth.方法,手段
e.g.1)Withexamweekapproaching,studentsarehavingtheirnoseinbooks.
2)Shehasalreadybeenapproachedbyseveralcompanies.
3)Awareoftheapproachofstrangers,dogsbegantobark.
4)Thetrackisintendedasanapproachtothepalace.
easy/difficultofapproach平易近人的/难以接近的
theapproachto处理的方法或态度,到达某处的通路
approachsb.aboutsth.与某人接洽,与某人商量
approachaproblem/task/matter处理问题/任务/事物
7.hencead.forthisreason因此
e.g.Thisbagishandmadeandhenceexpensive.
同意词:
consequently,hence,so,therefore,thereby,thus
C.Retelling
SampleOutlineforRetelling:
AinterviewsB,anexpertondreams,inaradioshow.Theystrikeupaconversationfocusingondreams.
1.AwelcomesandasksBtointroducethetopic.
2.BexplainstoAthedreamofdrivinginorfallinginwater.
3.Bcontinuestoexplaintherelationshipbetweenthedreamofdrivinginorfallinginwaterandworkstress.
4.BtellsAthereasonwhyonlyverystrangedreamscanberemembered.
ReadingⅠDaydreaming
A.Pre-readingactivity
Adaydreamisavisionaryfantasyexperiencedwhileawake,especiallyoneofhappy,pleasantthoughts,hopesorambitions.Now,pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.
1.Inyouropinion,whydopeopledaydream?
2.Daydreamingwaslongheldindisreputeinsocietyandwasassociatedwithlaziness.Doyouthinkdaydreamingisgoodorbad?
Why?
3.Itissaidthatdaydreamingmayalsohelpustosortoutproblemsandachievesuccess.Canyouthinkofsomeotherpositiveeffectsofdaydreaming?
B.QuestionsonP48.
C.VocabularyonP48.
D.LanguagePoints
1.bud:
n.ayoungtightlyrolledflowerorleafbeforeitopens花蕾,萌芽v.producebuds发芽,萌芽
e.g.1)Thetreeshavealreadyputouttheirbudseverywhere.
2)Theflowersarewhiteinbudandbrightyellowwhenopen.
comeintobud发芽beinbud含苞待放
nipsth.inthebud将某物扼杀于萌芽状态
2.urgev.stronglysuggestsb.doingsth.催促,激励
n.astrongdesiretodosth.冲动
e.g.1)IurgedhimtotakeayearoffforatouraroundEurope.
2)Heurgedthatweshouldgo.
3)Thereporturgedamorepositiveroleforlocalgovernment.
4)Thechildhasastrongurgetocommunicatewithstrangers.
urgesb.todosth.催促、力劝某人做某事
urgethat…竭力主张
urgesb.on鼓励,激励
satisfyone’surge满足冲动
overcome/stifleone’surge克服/抑制某人的冲动
3.gaze:
v.looklongandsteadily凝视,注视
n.longsteadylook
e.g.1)ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.
2)Shefeltincreasinglyuncomfortableunderhissteadygaze.
gazeatsb./sth.凝视,盯着某人某物看
meetsb.’sgaze直视某人的目光
inthepublicgaze众目睽睽之下
辨析:
gape,gaze,glare,peep,peer,squint,stareonP68.
4.irresistiblea.toostrong,attractivetoberesisted不可抗拒的,无法抑制的
e.g.1)Theveryhighsalarymadethejobirresistible.
2)Beautyandcharmmadeherirresistibletomen.
irresistibletosb.对某人来说不可抗拒
anirresistibletemptation/urge/impulse无法抗拒的诱惑/无法抑制的冲动
同意词:
overwhelming势不可挡的,不可抗拒的
5.startlev.surpriseorfrightensb.orbyasuddenmovement使惊吓,使吓一跳
e.g.1)Thebirdswerestartledbythesoundofthegunfire.
2)IwasstartledtoseeheragainasIthoughtshehadbeenmissing.
bestartledbysb./sth.被…惊吓
6.moodn.stateofone’sfeelingormood心情,情绪;
wayagroupfeelsaboutsth.,atmosphere心态,气氛
e.g.1)Icannotkeepupwithherconstantlychangingmoods.
2)Thesuddenadventofthedark,rainyweathersetthemoodfortheperformingofthetragicstory.
inagood/badmood心情好/坏
inafoulmood心情极差
inaholiday/party/festivalmood度假/聚会/节庆心情
moodofconfidence/optimism/despair/gloom自信/乐观/失望/阴沉的心情
be/feelinthe/nomoodfor(doing)sth./tososth.有/无心情做某事
7.fantasyn.asituationwhichyouimaginehappeningbutisunlikelytohappenorunrelatedtoreality幻想,空想;productoftheimagination怪念头,白日梦
e.g.1)Shehadwovenafantasyaboutlivinginacottageinthedeepforest.
2)Mychildhoodfantasieswerefinallysatisfied.
haveafantasy/fantasiesaboutdoingsth.幻想做某事
aworldoffantasy幻想世界
fantastica.荒诞的,极好的
fantasizev.想象,幻想
8.survivev.continueorliveorexistdespitebeingnearlydestroyed幸存,残存;继续存在;remainaliveafter(sb.)比某人寿命长
e.g.1)Onlyonesurvivedofthe100peopleintheplanethatcrashedinthemountain.
2)Lifeishardatthemoment,butwe’resurviving.
3)Onlyafewtypesofreptilesurvivetodayfromtheperiodofthedinosaurs.
4)Theoldladyhassurvivedallherchildren.
surviveanaccident/earthquake/fire/shipwreck经历事故/地震/火灾/沉船等死里逃生
surviveonsth.依靠…生存/维系
survivor幸存者survival幸存,残存
9.torturen.anextremelyunpleasantorpainfulexperience折磨,痛苦;deliberatelyinflictingseverepainasapunishment拷问,拷打v.
e.g.1)WhatiscertainisthathiswayofhappinesswouldbetorturetoalmostanyWesternman.
2)ThisweekacollectionoftorturedevicesinMiddle-ageisdisplayedinthemuseum.
3)Iwastorturedbytoothacheforthewholenight.
10.deprivationn.thelackofsth.thatyouneedorwant贫困,匮乏,丧失
e.g.1)Thecriminalssufferfromdeprivationofpoliticalrights.
2)Sleepdeprivationcancausestress,lossofappetiteandotherhealthissues.
11.varyv.bedifferentinsize,amount,ordegree;change改变,变化;makechanges变更
e.g.1)Theresultoftheexperimentvariedgreatly.
2)Thesuitcasevaryinsizedependingonwhatyouwant.
3)Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtodepression.
4)You’dbettervaryyourdietoryouwillprobablybecomeoverweight.
varyinsth.在某方面不同
varywithsth.随…而改变
varyfromsth.tosth.从…变为…
varyconsiderably/dramatically/enormously/significantly/widely/wildly差异很大
varylittle/sightly/差异不大
varyingdegrees/levels/sizes/amounts不同的程度/水平/大小/数量
12.linkv.makeaconnectionbetweenpeopleorthings联系,连接n.personorthingthatconnectstwoothers关联,联系,纽带
e.g.1)Televisionstationsaroundthecountryarelinkedbysatellite.
2)Theselinkedproblemsmustbetackledatthesametime.
3)Thislectureisaboutnewtechnologyanditslinkwiththeunemploymentproblem.
linksth.to/withsth.
linksth.andsth.(together)将…与…联系起来,连接起来
linksth.up
linksbetween…and…两者之间的联系
commercial/cultural/diplomaticlinks商业/文化/外交往来
13.characterizev.describesb./sth.as将某人/某物的特点描述成…betypicalof,becharacteristicof表现…的典型,以..为特征
e.g.1)Historianscharacterizedtheperiodasthedecadeofrevolution.
2)Thisregionischaracterizedbyitsabundanceoffloraandfauna.
characterizesb./sth.assth.将某人/某物的特点描述成某物
becharacterizedby
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