中西思维模式对比.doc
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中西思维模式对比.doc
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DiscussiononDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternThinkingMode
Abstract:
Influencedbydifferentnaturalandculturalconditions,ChineseandWesternthinkingmodesobjectivelydifferfromeachother.ThethinkingwayofChinese,alsocalledcircularthinking,isaffectedgreatlybyConfucianismwhichisthedominanceamongallChineseacademicschools,useintuitionalexperienceasthetoolandemphasizetheholistic.Bycontrast,Christianismasthemainstream,Westernthinkingpatternislinear,emphasizinganalysisbylogicalreasoning.ThispapertriestoanalyzethedifferencebetweenthinkingmodesofChineseandtheWest.ItwillbeofgreathelptoourEnglishlearning.
Keywords:
difference,thinkingmodes,ChineseandWestern
Ⅰ.Introduction
Thispaperwillfocusontheholisticandanalytic,intuitiveandlogical,fuzzyandprecisedifferencesofthetwothinkingmodesofChineseandWesterners.
People’swayofexpressingisgreatlyinfluencedbytheirownthinkingmodeandtheyuselanguagetoexpresstheirownthoughts,tocommunicatewitheachotherandtoexploreandlearntheworld.Therefore,languagenotonlyembodiespeople’sconceptonvaluation,aesthetics,morality,etiquetteandcustom,butalsoembodiesthewaypeoplethinkandwhattheythinkabouttheobjectiveworld.Differentpeoplehavedifferentthinkingmodebecauseofdifferentenvironment,culture,customandhereditarygenes.AndthiskindofgapismoregiantwhenitcomesthinkingmodesofthewholeChineseandWesterners.
Thus,itisveryimportantanalyzethetwodifferentthinkingmodesdeeplyandcompletely,whichwillbeofgreathelpforstudents’translation,writing,speechandevenforallinterculturallearningandcommunication.
Thispaperconsistsof3parts,respectivelydealingwiththeholisticandanalytic,intuitiveandlogical,andfuzzyandprecisedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternthinkingmodes.
Ⅱ.China“Holistic”andtheWest“Analytic”
Inthebasicintelligenceoperation,ChinesepeoplepreferholisticcomprehensionwhileWesternerspreferanalysis,resultingChineseholisticprioritiesandWesterners’partialprioritythinking.Forexample,inalphabeticalorder,intheChinesesurnamescastecomesfirst,andthenseniority,andthelastaretheirnames,highlightingtheclan.ButinWesterncountries,theirownnamecomesfirst,andthentheparentname,andthenthefamilyname,highlightingtheirownnames.Anotherexample:
intheorderofwritingtimeandaddress,theChinesepeopleareusedtoarrangeyear,monthanddayindecreasingorderofsequence,andtheaddressisarrangedfromprovincial,cityandcountytohousenumbersort,highlightingtheprecipitationofindividualrelationships,whiletheWesternersareintheoppositeorder,highlightingthesynthesisoftheindividual.
Chinesepeople’sholisticandcomprehensivethinkingisalsoreflectedinthetraditionalChineseculture.Forexample,thetraditionalChinesemedicinetheoryproposesthatthevariousorgansareanorganicwhole,andusetheYinyangtheoryandthefive-elementdoctrinetoexplaintheinterdependencebetweeninternalorgansandmutualchecksandbalances.ThisisverydifferentfromWesternmedicinebasedonthebody’sphysicalstructureofninesystemstoexplainthepathologicalphenomena.Fromtheconcept,theChinesemedicineistheproductofholisticthinking,whileWesternmedicineisaproductofanalyticalthinking.AnotherexampleistheChineseartofpainting.IntheChinesepainting,therearenotonlypictures,butalsopoetry,calligraphy,sealcarvingandothervariouscontents.Butinwesternpainting,thereisnocalligraphy.
Inshort,forWesterners,toclarifyonething,theymustfirstsplititandputthingsapartinordertoanalyzetheinternalstructure.ForChinese,theytakethingsasawhole,focusonthelinkageswithotherthings,anduseexperiencedealingwithotherthingstojudgeandspeculate.
Ⅱ.China“Intuitive”andtheWest“Logical”
Imagerythinkingreferstothepsychologicalprocessofanalyzing,synthesizing,processingandtransformingmemoryimagetoformnewimageinthemind.It’saspecialformofthinking,i.e.usualimagination.Thinkingisfamousintheworldbyvirtueofintuitivewholenessandharmoniousdialectic.Chinesepeopletoalargeextentdependontheintuitiontoworkoutnaturalsecrets.LaotseconsideredtheTaowhichcouldbeexpressedwasnotinvariableTao.Hisviewson“Tao”makepeopleunabletounderstand.Suchconfusedandstupefied“Tao”isalsobeyondcomprehensionasakindofphilosophy.Wearenotaccustomedtoexplicitlydefiningthecognitionofthingsthroughdefinitions.Laotsedescribed“Tao”as“TheTaothatcanbetoldisnottheeternalTao.”“Themorality,asathingwhichcanbefeltinone’sheart,isjustatransientmentalimageilluminatingeverything;forsuchtransientmentalimageill
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