高中英语Module 5 Great people and Great Invention of Ancient China Period One Introduction.docx
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高中英语Module 5 Great people and Great Invention of Ancient China Period One Introduction.docx
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高中英语Module5GreatpeopleandGreatInventionofAncientChinaPeriodOneIntroduction
Module5GreatpeopleandGreatInventionofAncientChina
话题导入
Alongwithsilkandpaper,gunpowderisanotherinventionbyChineseandtheSilkRoadhelpeditspreadtotheWest.Thedatingofgunpowderisasearlyas850AD.TheChineseusedgunpowdertomakefireworksandforsignalflares.Gunpowderwasalsothoughttohavebeenusedinmedicineandinalchemy(炼金术).
ThisinventionseemstohavebeendiscoveredinChinabyaccident—byalchemistswhendoingexperiments.
Thegunpowderusedformilitarypurposewasfirstrecordedin919AD.Bythe11thcentury,explosivebombsfilledwithgunpowderwereintroducedandusedinChina.Thewords“firecannon”“rocket”and“fireball”appearedtimeandagainintheofficialSonghistoryaswellastwootherbookswrittenduringthesameperiod.
Thefirstdetaileddescriptionofusingthe“firecannon”inwarfarewasinconnectionwithabattlefoughtin1126whentheSongarmyuseditagainsttheinvadingenemy.Thesocalled“firecannon”wasatubemadeofbamboofilledwithgunpowderwhich,whenfired,threwaflamingmissiletowardstheenemy.Accordingtoadescriptionofabattlescenein1132,ittooktwopersonstocarrya“firecannon”,andthecannons
werefiredfromamovingplatform.Andthisplatformhadtobemovedclosetothewallofthebesieged(被围攻的)city.
TheChineseinventionofgunpowderreachedJapan,theIslamiccountriesandthenEuropeinthe13thcenturyandtheArabsimprovedgunpowderformilitaryuse.TheearlyaccountofgunpowderinEuropewasrecordedbyEnglishphilosopherRogerBaconinthe13thcentury.OnecenturylatertheArabsusedittoattacktheSpanishtownBazaandthenextyearin1326Florenceorderedthemanufacturingofcannonandcannonballs.FromItalythemakingofgunpowdersoonspreadtootherEuropeancountries,andbythe1350sithadbecomeaneffectiveweapononthebattlefield.
根据上文完成下列各题
1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?
Gunpowder
2.ListthecountriestheChineseinventionofgunpowderreached.
(1)Japan
(2)Islamic_countries
(3)European_countries
PeriodOne Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary
Ⅰ.单词
1.equaladj.平等的→equalityn.平等;相等
2.importancen.重要;重要性→importantadj.重要的
3.philosophern.哲学家→philosophyn.哲学
4.teachingn.(常作复数)教导;学说→teachvt.讲授;教授→teachern.教师
5.thinkern.思想家→thinkvt.想;思索;认为→thoughtn.思考;想法
6.kindnessn.仁慈;善良→kindn.种类
7.advisern.顾问→advisevt.劝告;建议→advicen.忠告;建议
8.influentialadj.有影响的→influencen.影响&vt.影响;感染
Ⅱ.短语
1.be_similar_to与……相似
2.be_at_war_with与……交战
3.bring_up养育,抚养;提出
4.follow_one’s_advice采纳某人的建议
5.become_famous_for因……而出名
6.in_some_ways在某些方面
7.as_a_result结果;因此
Ⅰ.课文理解
1.WhatisthemainideaofConfuciusaccordingtothetext?
A.Kindness,dutyandorderinsocietyareveryimportant.
B.Governmentismoreimportantthanitspeople.
C.Allmenarecreatedequal.
D.Allmenareborngood.
答案 A
2.WhatwasthepossiblerelationshipbetweenConfuciusandMencius?
A.Teacherandstudent.
B.MenciuswasthefollowerofConfucius’sideas.
C.Theyallworkedforthesamestate.
D.Nothingrelatedatall.
答案 B
3.InwhichwaywasMozi’sideathesameasthatofConfucius?
A.Menshouldbekind.
B.Menwerebornequal.
C.Governmentshouldbemoreemphasizedthanitspeople.
D.Peopleweremoreimportantthanthegovernment.
答案 C
4.InMencius’sopinion,whichwasthemostimportant,thegovernment,therulerorthepeople?
A.Thegovernment.B.Theruler.
C.Thepeople.D.Notmentioned.
答案 C
5.WhatisthesimilarityofthethreephilosophersinancientChinaaccordingtothetext?
A.Theywereallbornpoor.
B.Theyallwrotetheirownbooks.
C.Theyalltravelledfromstatetostate.
D.TheirphilosophiesallinfluencedChinaforalongtime.
答案 D
Ⅱ.课文缩写
ThereweremanygreatphilosophersinancientChina.
Confucius,1.whowasbornin551BCanddiedin479BC,wasthe2.greatest(great)philosopher.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.3.HisideasaffectedChinesesocietyforover2,000years.
Mencius,bornin372BC,wasastudentofConfucius’sideas.So,histeachingsweresimilarto4.thoseofConfucius.Hebelievedmanwasborngoodand5.thatpeopleweremoreimportantthanrulers.Hewroteabookinhislastyears6.named(name)TheBookofMencius.
Mozi,whowasbornin476BCanddiedin390BC,wasalso7.aninfluentialphilosopher.Insomeways,hisideasweresimilartothoseofConfucius.8.Forexample,he9.thought(think)governmentwasthemostimportantthing.Mozibelievedallmenwere10.equal(equally).DifferingfromConfucius,hestressedtheimportanceofkindness.MozifoundedMohism.
1.Allhumanbeingsareequal.众生平等。
[归纳拓展]
equaladj.相等的;平等的;v.等于;比得上;n.同等的人,相等物
beequaltosth./doingsth.胜任……,比得上……
beequalinsth.在……方面是同等的
equallyadv.相等地,相同地,同样地
equalityn.平等
[语境助记]
(1)Heisequaledbynooneinstrength.
谁也赶不上他力气大。
(2)Heis_equal_tothetask.
他胜任这项任务。
(3)Womenwantequalityofopportunitywithmen.
女人要求和男人机会均等。
[题组训练]
(1)IthinkIam_fit_forthejob.同义词语替换am_equal_to
(2)Thispositionisequally(equal)suitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.
2.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.
他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。
[归纳拓展]
stressvt.强调;施压于;使紧张;n.强调;压力;重音
stresstheimportanceof...强调……的重要性
lay/place/putstressonsth.强调……
beundergreatstress压力很大
[语境助记]
(1)Theweightofsnowstressedtherooftothepointofcollapsing.
雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。
(2)Continuedstresscancauseillness.
持续的紧张会引起疾病。
[题组训练]
(1)TheEnglishteacherstressed_the_importance_of_reading(强调了阅读的重要性).
(2)Happinessiswhatyoufeelwhenyou’renotfeelingstressed(stress).
3.However,whenhesawthattherulerwasnotfollowinghisadvice,heresigned.
然而,当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时,他便辞去了官职。
[归纳拓展]
resignv.辞职;放弃(权利)
resignone’sposition(assecretary)辞去(秘书)职务
resignoffice辞职
resignfromajob辞职
resignone’spost辞职
resignoneselftosth./doingsth.听任;顺从
[语境助记]
(1)Heresignedhispositionaschairman.
他辞去了主席的职位。
(2)Thepresidentwasforcedtoresign.
总统被迫辞职。
(3)Theteamrefusedtoresign_themselves_to_defeat/to_being_defeated.该队不甘失败。
[题组训练]
(1)Itwassurprisingthatsheresigned_her_position_as_a_secretary(辞去秘书职务).
(2)Bobisnotworkinginourschoolyet.Heissaidto_have_resigned(resign)andto_be_teaching(teach)inaprivateschoolrecently.
1.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenat_war_witheachother.
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
[归纳拓展]
beatwarwith与……交战
declarewaron...对……宣战
[语境助记]
(1)Libyangovernmenttroopsare_at_war_withoppositionforces.
利比亚政府军和反对派武装分子正处于交战状态。
(2)DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Germanywas_at_war_withalmostallthecountriesintheworld.
第二次世界大战期间,德国几乎同世界上所有的国家都处于交战状态。
(3)IwasinGermanywhenwarwas_declared.
宣战时我在德国。
[题组训练]
(1)Howlonghavetheybeen_at_war_with_each_other(相互交战)?
(2)Atthattime,ChinawasatwarwithJapan,sotravellingwasextremelydifficult.
思考 在beatwarwith...中,at是什么意思?
类似的短语还有哪些?
at+名词表示“正在进行”或“从事”或“处于某种状态”,常见的类似短语有:
at_dinner/table在吃饭
at_work在工作
at_rest在休息
at_ease安心
at_sea出海
at_school在上学
at_play在游戏
at_lunch在吃午饭
at_peace处于和平状态
2.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasbrought_upbyhismother.
他早年丧父,由其母亲抚养成人。
[归纳拓展]
bringup教育,抚养(孩子);提出(议题等);呕吐
bringout使显现;说明;出版
bringabout引起,导致
bringdown降低;减少
bringin吸引;引进;赚得
bring...toanend使结束,停止
[语境助记]
(1)Shebrought_upfivechildren.
她养育了5个孩子。
(2)Iwanttobring_upagainthefirstpoint.
我想重提一下第一点。
(3)Hebrought_upallheate.
他把吃的东西全都吐出来了。
[题组训练]
(1)用bring短语的适当形式填空
①Theexamplesbring_outthemeaningofthisword.
②Itriedtogetthemtobring_downthepriceoftheTVset,buttheyrefusedto.SoIdidn’tbuyit.
③TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobrought_insomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.
④Whatbrought_aboutthechangeinhisattitude?
(2)Oncethepoisonisbroughtup,thereisnofurtherdanger.
3.Menciusbelievedthatthe_reason_why_man_is_different_from_animals_is_that_man_is_good.
孟子认为人之所以不同于动物是因为人是善良的。
[归纳拓展]
注意句子结构thereasonwhy...isthat...用来陈述理由,意思是“……的理由/原因是……”。
reason定语从句的引导词如果在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时要用which或that。
相关句型:
This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为……,because在此句式中引导表语从句。
[语境助记]
(1)The_reason_whyhebrokedownisthatheworkedtoohardrecently.
他身体垮掉的原因是他近来工作太累了。
(2)The_reason_that/whichyou’vegivensoundsreasonable.
你给出的理由听起来合情合理。
[题组训练]
(1)单句改错
Thereasonwhyhewon’tcomeisbecausehismotherdoesn’tallowhimto.because改为that
(2)Thereasonthathewasillthatdaywasactuallymadeupbyhimself.Infact,thereasonwhyhewasabsentisthathewenttoseeafilm.
4.Hetaughtthatif_the_government_was_kind,then_people_would_be_good.
他教导说如果政府施行仁政,人民就会向善。
[归纳拓展]
本句中的that引导的宾语从句中包含一个if引导的虚拟条件句。
该结构中,根据动作时间的不同,主从句谓语动词需要采用相应的形式:
类型
非真实条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+动词过去式(be动词一般用were)
主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
主语+had+过去分词
主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
主语+过去式/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形
主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形
[语境助记]
(1)IfIwereyou,Ishould_buyit.
如果我是你,我就买了它。
(与现在事实相反)
(2)Ifyouhad_gotupearlier,youcould_have_caughtthetrain.
如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
(与过去事实相反)
(3)Ifshewere_to_marryJack,shewould_behappy.
如果嫁给杰克,她会幸福的。
(与将来事实相反)
[题组训练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①IfIhad(have)timenow,Iwouldchatwithyou.
②Ifyouhad_studied(study)hard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.
③Ifitsnowed/were_to_snow/should_snow(snow),whatshouldwedo?
(2)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.
—Iwould_have_attended(attend)it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.
(3)Icouldn’t_have_gone(notgo)throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.
1.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.
句式分析:
句子中的从句where...eachother是定语从句,修饰先行词place,where在从句中作地点状语。
自主翻译:
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
2.However,whenhesawthattherulerwasnotfollowinghisadvice,h
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