英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案及解析.docx

英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案及解析.docx

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英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案及解析

（英语）高中英语阅读理解（科普环保）解题技巧讲解及练习题（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone（无人机）threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

   DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

   AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet（1.5metersby1.1meter）,itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish（159.6kg）andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

   By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

   "WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

   "Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter（周边）orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

   Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.

（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?

A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.

B. Itisanoceanexplorer.

C. Itisarubbishcollector.

D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?

A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.

B. Thedangersofusingplastics.

C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.

D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.

（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?

A. Avoidcrashingintoit.           

B. Breakitintopieces.           

C. Swallowit.           

D. Flyoverit.

（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?

A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.

B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.

C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.

D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

   StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative（倡议）hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

   Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

   Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract（提炼）allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.

（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?

A. E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.

B. Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.

C. Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.

D. NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.

（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?

A. startingperiod                

B. collectioneffort                

C. finalstage                

D. hardsearch

（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?

A. Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.

B. Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.

C. Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.

D. Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.

（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?

A. Positive                        

B. Negative                        

C. Ambiguous                        

D. Indifferent

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。

inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?

   Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully（峡谷）inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.

   Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief."I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?

"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.

   However,othersthinkhumaninterference（干涉）isunnatural."Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,"saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.

   Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation."Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,"hetoldtheBBC.

   SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,"Ifit'severapredator（捕食者）situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."

   "There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,"WillLawson,theshow'