论文.docx
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论文.docx
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论文
摘要
《傲慢与偏见》是19世纪英国著名小说家简·奥斯汀一部脍炙人口、经久不衰的作品,该书出版于1813年。
小说的故事情节简单、自然、通俗易懂,所描述的人物真实而生动。
简·奥斯丁是在18世纪后期女性自我意识渐渐觉醒的大背景下开始自己的文学创作的,是一位在男权社会里试图不断认识自我、寻找自我的女作家。
她的作品以独特的视角及审美方式体现了女性意识。
从奥斯丁对日常生活的细致描绘中,可以看出她对社会是极其关注的。
简·奥斯汀以其敏锐的女性视觉,将长期处于边缘和劣势地位的女性推进了人们的视野。
在《傲慢与偏见》中,作者塑造出形形色色的女性人物形象,突出表现了女主人公自尊自立、争取平等与自由的女性意识。
从而凸显了奥斯汀女性意识的觉醒。
关键词:
傲慢与偏见;女性形象;女性意识
Introduction
PrideandPrejudice,probablythemostpopularofJaneAusten’sfinishednovels,isalsoalovestorywhichishumorousanddeeplyserious.Thenoveldependsonloveandmarriagebetweentheheroandtheheroine.PrideandPrejudiceinthesurfaceisanobservationofthemarriage;however,infactitisacompleteandseveresummarizationaboutthefeminineconsciousnessinearly19thcentury.
Inthewesterncountries,theresearchonPrideandPrejudicehasrelativelyformedthecompletesystem,especiallysuchastheexpertDavidSamuelandtheEnglishcriticDavidNaghan.Theyanalyzetheheroandheroine’scharactersanddiscussJaneAusten’swritingstyles.However,inChinatheresearchattachimportancetotheheroineElizabethBennet’scharacterportrayedaswellastheanalysisofhercharacters,anddiscusstheessenceofthemarriageinPrideandPrejudice.
BeingdifferentfromtheformerresearchonPrideandPrejudice,thisthesisbasesonthewriter’sbackgroundandcharacter’ssettingofthenovel,intendstoanalyzetheawakeningofthefemaleconsciousnessfromdifferentanglessuchaslanguage,behavior,psychologicaldepictionandmaritalviewpointetc.Onanalyzingthefeminineconsciousness,thisthesisistoobtaintheideaofJaneAustenaboutwomanrights.Especially,ElizabethBennetisthespokesmanofJaneAustenandisalsoherfavoritecharacter.Althoughthischaracterimageisnotmainlythetypicalimagefornewwomanright,itisthisimagefromwhichJaneAustenpointsouttheproblemaboutwomen’streatingofloveandmarriage.Consequently,onanalyzingthefeminineconsciousnessinthenovel,thisthesisisabletorevealthisnovel’sgist---loveisthefoundationofmarriageandwomenshouldhavethesamerightsasmen.
Ⅰ.SocialBackground
A.JaneAusten’sLifeandBackground
JaneAusten,thefeministleaderMaryWollstoncraft’scontemporary,agreatwomanwriterinEnglishliterature,representedthatwomenwereplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartindailylife.
1.JaneAusten’sFamilyandEducation
Theseventhofeightchildren,andsecondoftwogirls,JaneAustenwasbornonDecember16,1775,inthevillageofSteventon,Hampshire,England.Austen’sfather,theReverendGeorgeAusten,wasanAnglicanpriest,who,despitebeingorphanedasayoungchild,hadgraduatedfromSt.John’sCollege,Oxford.Jane’smother,CassandraLeighAusten,wasofhighersocialstandingthanGeorgeAusten,andonlyhiseducationandprestigeasaclergymanmadethecourtshippossible.TheAustenfamily’sfirsthomewastherectoryofSt.Nicolas’sChurchinSteventon.Thereverend’sincomewasmeagerforafamilyoften,buttheAustens’prestigeinthevillagewashigherthanincomealonecoulddictate,andtheylivedcomfortably.Thechildrenwereespeciallydeartooneanother.Goodfamilyenvironmentprovidedagoodfoundationforherlearning,livingandlaterwriting.
JaneAusten’sonlysister,Cassandra,wastwoyearsolderthanJaneandapparentlyalwaysthecentralpersonageinherlife.Accordingtoonefamilystory,Mrs.AustenoncedeclaredthatifCassandraweretohaveherheadchoppedoff,Janewoulddemandthatprivilegetoo.ForallofJane’slife,Cassandraandshewereroommates,confidantes,andcompanions.Theyseemedtohavegivenoneanothertotalacceptance,trust,sympathy,andaffection.Thetwowererarelyoutofcommunication,andduringbriefperiodsofseparationroutinelyexchangedlongletters.
Thegirls’formaleducationwassporadic.WhenJanewassevensheandCassandraweresent,withtheircousinJaneCooper,toOxfordtostudy.AsJanecooper’smotherdiedofdisease,thegirlsremainedatschoolforthenexttwoyears.JaneandCassandraresumedtheireducationattheAbbeySchoolinreading.TherewaslittleemphasisonacademicsattheAbbeySchool.Instead,thegirlslearnedetiquetteandreceivedtraininginthepracticalartsthatwereconsideredimportanttowomanatthetime,includingsewingandembroidery.ThegirlswererecalledfromschoolinDecemberof1786,whenthefamilycouldnolongeraffordtheirtuition.Theirformalstudiesthusconcluded,thegirlsreturnedtoSteventontobegintheireducationinearnest.GeorgeAustenownedaconsiderablenumberofbooks,whichheplacedathischildren’sdisposal.Forthemostpart,thegirlsreadfiction.JanewassteepedinEnglishliterature,includingtheworksofWilliamShakespeare,JohnMilton,AlexanderPope,andSamuelJohnson.ShealsoadmiredthepoetryofWilliamCowper.Reading,andinparticularthereadingofcurrentfiction,wasbothasocialandpoliticalactivityduringAusten’sera.WhilepoliticalcommentarywasneverexplicitinAusten’swriting,hernovelsconfrontedtheseissues,suchaswomen’srighttoproperty,throughthelivesofhercharacters.
Althoughreadingwastheirprimaryformofeducation,thegirlscultivatedothertalents.Janelearnedtoplaypiano.Shealsolovedtodance.Cassandratookupdrawing.JaneAustenwasmostlytutoredathome,andirregularlyatschool,butshereceivedabroadereducationthanmanywomenofhertime.Thiswasagoodbasisforherlaterwriting.
2.JaneAusten’sLoveandMarriage
JaneAustenwrotesixnovelsinallherlife,mostofwhichdescribemarriage.Butinauthor’swholelifeof47years,hermarriagewascompletelyablank.Sheeverhadsweetandbitterlovestory.Theprocessconnectedcloselywiththeauthor’swritingPrideandPrejudice.Whenshewrotetheoriginalwork,thefirstimpressionofPrideandPrejudice,shewasonly21yearsold(thesameageasherfavoriteheroineElizabeth),fellinlovewithThomasLefroy.AyounggraduateofTrinityCollege,Dublin,LefroywasinSteventontovisitrelativewhohappenedtobefriendsoftheAustens.WhenLefroy’sauntsensedhernephew’saffectionforJane,shefearedthatmarriagetotheyoungestdaughterofapoorchurchmanmightruinhiscareerinthelaw.SheinsistedthatheleavedSteventonimmediately,andthusputanendtoAusten’sfirstromance.
In1800,Austen’sfathersuddenlyresignedhispositioninthechurchandannouncedhewasmovingthefamilytothecityofBathinsouthwesternEngland.Austenwasreportedtohavefaintedwhenshereceivedthenews.Bath---builtbytheRomansasaspaaroundnaturalhotsprings---hadbecomeafashionableresortfortheEnglishgentry.Austenquicklyrecoveredfromtheinitialshockofthemove,and,forawhileatleast,enjoyedthecompanyofthefamily’snewcircleofsocialacquaintances.ThefollowingyearAustenembarkedonthesecondofherthreeill-fatedromances.WhileawayfromBathonavocation,Austenfellinlovewithayoungchurchman,whowasexpectedwouldproposemarriagetoher.Buttheyoungmandiedsuddenlyforsufferingdisease.In1802,shewas27yearsold(thesameageasCharlotteinthenovel).Shemetaninheritorofapropertiedmanorwhomadeproposaltoher.Afteralongsleeplessnight,sherefusedhimdefinitelyonthesecondmorning.Whenshewas33in1808,shealmostmarriedmiddle-agedclergymanbutithadnoresult.TheauthorrewrotePrideandPrejudiceather35yearsoldandpublishedthenovelin1813.Afterthewriterexperiencedallofthese,shedescribedfourdifferentmarriagesandmarriagestatefromamaturewoman’spointofview;itshowedherownidealaboutmarriage.JaneAustenremainedunmarrieduntilshediedonJuly18th,1817inWinchester,Hampshire,England.
B.TheBackgroundoftheCharactersintheNovel
ThestoryofPrideandPrejudicetookplaceinthetimeoftheRegencyinBritain.Atthattime,BritainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofCapitalismtoCapitalistIndustrialization.PrideandPrejudicemainlytoldofthelovestorybetweenarichproudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet,oneofthedaughtersinBennet’sfamily.TherewerefivedaughtersintheBennetfamily.Sincethefamilyhadnomaleheir,thedaughterswouldlosetheirhomeandpropertytotheircousinMr.CollinswhenMr.Bennetdied.Forthisreason,thismatterthathowherdaughtersmarriedtherichwastobeMrs.Bennet’sgreatworry.
Meanwhile,thenoveldepictedasocietygovernedbyaclasssystemthatimposedunwrittenrulesonwhomaymarryorsocializewithwhom.Womeninearly19thcenturycountrylifecannotwork,andthepositionallottedtowomenwastoeconomicallydependuponmen.InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustenreliedonthissocialbackgroundinthepositionofawomanandusedthenewvisualangletoobservetheloveandthemarriageinthatera.Inthenovel,JaneAustenmainlydepictedfourquitedifferentmarriages---JaneBennetandCharlesBingley,ElizabethBennetandFitzwilliamDarcy,CharlotteLucasandMr.Collins,LydiaBennetandGeorgeWickham.Bydepictingthesefourmarriages,JaneAustenexpressedherownattitudetowardsthemarriage---marriageshouldbebasedonlovebutmoney.Ⅱ.TheEmbodimentofFeminism
A.TheFeminismReflectedonLanguage
Languageisanimportantwindowthroughwhichonecanunderstandthecultureandsocietyofthepeople,becausepeople’ssocio-culturalbehaviorsandattitudesaswellasthoughtsarereflectedintheiruseofthelanguage.Thenovelcontainsalargearrayofconversationsbetweendifferentcharacters;theseconversationsareinkeepingwiththestylethatprevailedinthatperiod.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatthebeginningsentence:
“Itisa
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