考研英语模拟试题及答案详解.docx
- 文档编号:9621996
- 上传时间:2023-02-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:40
- 大小:52.33KB
考研英语模拟试题及答案详解.docx
《考研英语模拟试题及答案详解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语模拟试题及答案详解.docx(40页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语模拟试题及答案详解
2011年考研英语模拟试题及答案详细解析
SectionIUseofEnglish
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers'health?
Manyindividualsareconcernedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiationfromhandsetsandbasestations, 1 thelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermore 2 . Indeed,asystematicreview 3 byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,roundsup 4 oftheuseoftext-messaginginthe 5 ofhealthcare.Theseuses 6 threecategories:
efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby 7 text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.
Usingtextingto 8 efficiencyisnotprofoundscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several 9 carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders 10 thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointmentsby33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswere 11 nationally,thiswouldtranslate 12 annualsavingsof£256-364million.
Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodeliverpublic-healthinformation,particularlytogroups 13 arehardtoreachbyothermeans.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiato 14 peopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontrollungdisease.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupporta 15 toimmunizenearly5millionchildren 16 paralysis.
17 ,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientsto 18 theirmedicine,ortoencourageaccordancewithexerciseregimes.However,Dr.Rifatnotesthattheevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerally 19 ,andmorequantitativeresearchis 20 .
1.[A]so[B]even[C]despite[D]and
2.[A]interesting[B]abundant[C]clear[D]reasonable
3.[A]went[B]came[C]performed[D]turned
4.[A]approaches[B]situations[C]problems[D]examples
5.[A]reality[B]reorganization[C]delivery[D]discovery
6.[A]fallinto[B]sumup[C]associatewith[D]subjectto
7.[A]cooperating[B]incorporating[C]adapting[D]adopting
8.[A]rise[B]boost[C]produce[D]encourage
9.[A]questions[B]incidents[C]cases[D]trials
10.[A]reduces[B]degrades[C]deserves[D]drops
11.[A]calledupon[B]switchedto[C]rolledout[D]wentthrough
12.[A]into[B]for[C]on[D]from
13.[A]what[B]whose[C]which[D]who
14.[A]ask[B]inform[C]adopt[D]contact
15.[A]campaign[B]event[C]decision[D]communication
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Prudentinvestorslearnedlongagothatputtingyoureggsintolotsofbasketsreducesrisk.Conservationistshavenowhitonasimilaridea:
apopulationofendangeredanimalswillhaveabetterchanceofsurvivalifitisdividedintointerconnectedgroups.Theprospectsofthespecieswillbebetterbecausethechancethatalltheconstituentsubpopulationswilldieoutatthesametimeislow.And,inthelongterm,itmatterslittleifoneortwogroupsdodisappear,becauseimmigrantsfrombetter-faringpatcheswilleventuallyreestablishthespecies'oldhaunts.
Oneendangeredspeciesdividedinjustthiswayistheworld'srarestcarnivore,theEthiopianwolf,whichliveshighinthemeadowsoftheBaleMountains.Just350existinthreepocketsofmeadowconnectedbynarrow'valleysintheBaleMountainsNationalPark,withafurther150outsidethisarea.
TwoofthemainthreatstotheEthiopianwolfcomefromdiseasescarriedbydomesticdogs.Oneofthese,rabies,isofparticularconcernbecauseitisepidemicinthedogpopulation.Atfirstblush,vaccinatingthewolvesagainstrabiesseemsasimplesolution.Itwouldbeambitious,becausetheprevailingthinking—thatallindividualsmatterandthereforealloutbreaksofdiseaseshouldbecompletelyhalted—impliesthatalargeproportionofwolveswouldneedtobevaccinated.
DanHaydon,oftheUniversityofGlasgow,andhiscolleaguesbelievethatconservationbiologistsshouldthinkdifferently.Withtheexceptionofhumans,speciesareimportantbutindividualsarenot.Someoutbreaksofdiseasecanbetolerated.InapaperpublishedthisweekinNature,theyrecastthemathematicsofvaccinationwiththisinmind.
Onepidemiologists'standardassumptionthateveryindividualcounts,vaccinationprogrammesareintendedtopreventepidemicsbyensuringthateachinfectedanimal,onaverage,passesthediseaseontolessthanonehealthyanimal.Thisimpliesthataroundtwo-thirdsofallthewolveswouldneedtobevaccinated.Aprogrammethatsoughttosaveaspeciesratherthanindividualswouldalloweachinfectedwolftopassthediseaseontomorethanonehealthyanimalandhencerequirefewervaccinations.DrHaydonandhiscolleagueshavecalculated,usingdatafromarabiesoutbreakin2003,thatvaccinatingbetween10%and25%wouldsuffice,providedveterinariansgavejabstothosewolveslivinginthenarrowvalleysthatconnectthesubpopulations.
Ifthethreatofrabiesaroseeveryfiveyears,targetingallthewolvesinthecorridorswouldcuttheriskofextinctionovera20-yearperiodbyfourfold.Ifthiswerebackedupbyvaccinatingamere10%ofthewolvesinthethreeconnectedmeadows,thechanceofextinctionwoulddroptolessthanonein1,000.Savingafewseemstobeanefficientwayofprotectingthemany.
21.Bycitingprudentinvestors'idea,theauthorwantstoillustratethat___________.
[A]conservationistsgotinspirationsfromit.
[B]endangeredanimalscanbeprotectedinasimilarway.
[C]theprospectsofsomespeciesdependonconservation.
[D]thesubpopulationswilldiewithoutbeingputintodifferentgroups.
22.TheEthiopianwolf___________.
[A]isfacingtheriskofextinctionastherarestcarnivore.
[B]isseparatedintothreegroupstoachievesurvival.
[C]livesinnarrowvalleysintheBaleMountains.
[D]hasaltogether350aliveintheworld.
23.Theideathatnearlyallthewolveswouldneedtobevaccinated___________..
[A]isduetothatrabiescarriedbydogsisepidemic.
[B]isveryeasytoberealizedbylocalmedicaladministration.
[C]isbasedonthethinkingthateverywolfisnecessarilyprotected.
[D]issupportedbyDanHaydonoftheUniversityofGlasgow.
24.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weknowthat___________.
[A]ifeachindividualcounts,one-thirdofwolveshavetobevaccinated.
[B]Dr.Haydonprovedepidemiologists'standardassumptionisright.
[C]tovaccinate10%to25%ofwolveslivingintheconnectedmeadowsisenough.
[D]ittakes20yearstoreduceriskofextinctionifallthewolvesaretargeted.
25.Themainpurposeofthetextisto___________.
[A]showthedangersEthiopianwolvesarefacingwith.
[B]informpeopleoftheprospectsEthiopianwolves.
[C]teachhowtodivideEthiopianwolvesintogroups.
[D]tellhowtoprotectEthiopianwolvesfromrabies.
Text2
Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallaborarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentersthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.
Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.
AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,themerethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages:
Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumbletaxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.ThismayhelptoexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.
Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetweenlow-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledworkerswidenedsignificantly.Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 模拟 试题 答案 详解