名师点睛高考英语二轮全程练习及解析答案4.docx
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名师点睛高考英语二轮全程练习及解析答案4.docx
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名师点睛高考英语二轮全程练习及解析答案4
【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--(21)及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时21 阅读理解文体技法(4)——科普知识类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 科技篇章结构比较清楚,层次分明,语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确,限定性修饰比较多。
对科技篇章,我们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句,有些语词,特别是一些科技专业术语,可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。
科技篇章中的语词、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素,有时甚至是关键因素。
科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接,我们可以从科技篇章中推论出:
作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章,但很少,学生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到),作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持,作者对科学家的肯定支持,作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。
【高考经典练】
(2014·北京卷)
StoreScent(香味)
Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?
Theproductsdisplayed(展示)attheentrance?
Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?
Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?
Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop'sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.
Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers'intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.
WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand'ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.
Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants'disprovingattitudeanddon't-touch-what-you-can't-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.
Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut(椰子)scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore'swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?
A.Friendlyassistants.
B.Uniquescents.
C.Softbackgroundmusic.
D.Attractivewindowdisplays.
2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto________.
A.showtheadvantagesofbricks-and-mortarstores
B.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitude
C.pushstorestousesightsandsounds
D.introducetheriseofe-commerce
3.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means________.
A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoods
B.aspotwheretravelersliketostay
C.aplacewherecustomerslovetogo
D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet
4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.
A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassess
C.argueanddiscussD.informandexplain
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·杭州二模)Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.
Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry'soddloveaffairwith“lowtechnology”,aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship(手艺)thatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虚拟的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter'sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretation(阐释)oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.
Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting”.AtGoogle'soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedinglass.Facebook'ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.
OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelimpoverished(贫乏的),becausethey'resurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“They'relookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwe'vefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”
Thiscraftbasedtheoryisrootedinhistory,WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢复)ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.
Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplvin,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironment.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.
1.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat________.
A.Twitterishavingahardtime
B.oldcottagesareinneedofprotection
C.earlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontana
D.Internetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology
2.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat________.
A.isrelatedtonature
B.isoutofdatetoday
C.consumestoomuchenergy
D.existsinthevirtualworld
3.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathumanbeings________.
A.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialarts
B.haveatraditionofvaluingartsandcrafts
C.canbecomeintelligentbylearninghistory
D.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines
4.Thewriter'sattitudeto“lowtechnology”canbestbedescribedas________.
A.positiveB.defensive
C.cautiousD.doubtful
5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.PastGlories,FutureDreams
B.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallenge
C.High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices
D.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity
B
Manypeoplefocusonphysicalfitness,butfewknowthatbrainfitnessisalsosomethingyoucanworkon.Infact,youcanexerciseyourbrainasoftenasyouworkoutyourarmsorabs—andtheresultscanbepositiveandempowering.It'shelpfultothinkofyourbrainasyouworkoutamuscle.Toimproveyourbrain,youcan'tsimplyrepeatthesameexercisesoverandover.Justasliftingatwopoundweightwillnolongerchallengeyou,sowillrepetitiveexercisessuchascrosswordsorSudoku.Onceyoumastereasyexercises,youmustmoveontoharderonesinordertopushyourbrain—likeyourmuscles—toanewlevel.
Scientistsoncebelievedthatyourmentalabilitieswerefixedinadulthood.Nowthatstudiesonneuroplasticityhaveshownjusttheopposite,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhaveadoptedthenewpracticeofbraintraining.
ThemostpopularofthesebraintrainingproductsismadebytheSanFrancisco-basedLumosity,whichemploysateamofin-houseneuroscientistswithdegreesfromStanfordandUCBerkeley.Realizingthatbrainsneedmoresophisticatedprogramsandguidancetogrowandchange,Lumosity'sscientistsworkwithanexperiencedteamofgamedesigners.Togetherthey'vedevelopedafun,effectiveonlinebraintrainingprogramthatmeasures,tracks,andadaptstoyourprogresssoyou'llalwaysbechallenged.Lumosity'strainingsystemand40+gamesarebasedonwell-studiedtestsusedinclinicalneuropsychologyresearch.
Ina2013Stanfordstudy,atreatmentgroupof21breastcancersurvivorsused12weeksofLumositytrainingtoworkonprocessingspeed,mentalflexibility,andworkingmemorytasks.Onaverage,thosewhotrainedimprovedontestsoftheseabilities,comparedtoagroupthatdidnottrainwithLumosity.Thereisevensomefirst-roundevidencesuggestingthatLumositymaybebeneficialtonormal,healthyadults.Ina2011studybyLumosityandSanFranciscoStateUniversityresearchers,13peoplewhodidLumositytrainingover5weeksimprovedontestsofbrainperformancecomparedtoagroupthatdidnottrain.Onaverage,thosewhotrainedimprovedworkingmemoryscoresby10%andattentionscoresby20%.
Trainingcantakejustafewminutesaday,buttherewardscanmakeadifferenceinmanyaspectsoflife.Thegoalofbraintrainingisnottoimprovegamescores:
it'stoimprovetheunderlyingcoreabilitiesthatthosegamesrelyon.Lumosityisoneofthefirstandmostpopularbraintrainingprogramsinexistence.There'sasmallfeetousethefullproduct,ornewuserscanstartafreetrial.
6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Braintraining—canmakeadifference
B.Braintraining—anewscience
C.Braintrainingcankeepyoufit
D.Braintraining—anopenonlinecourse
7.Inordertoimproveourbrain,wecan________.
A.dothesameexercisesdayafterday
B.challengeitwithharderexercisesdaybyday
C.workoutcrosswordseveryday
D.adapttophysicalchange
8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisLumosity?
A.Itisateamofin-houseneuroscientists.
B.Itisateamofexperiencedgamedesigners.
C.Itisanonlinebraintrainingprogram.
D.Itisclinicalbraintrainingresearch.
9.InParagraph4,thewritergivessomanyfiguresto_
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