词汇学.docx
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词汇学.docx
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词汇学
1.ListallthenewwordsyouhaveinyourtextbookandgivetheirChinesedefinitions.
Morphology:
词法semantics:
语义学;
etymology:
词源学;morpheme:
词素;
dipstick:
计量尺;Lexicography:
词典编撰学;
phonology:
音系学,音韵学;syntax:
句法,句法结构;
sociolinguistic:
社会语言学;pragmatics:
语用学;
psycolinguistics:
心理语言学;linguistic:
语言学;
cognitive:
认识的;corpus:
语料汇编;
lexis:
(某种语言的)全部词汇;lexicon:
全部词汇
synonymous:
相同的,相近的;delimitation:
界定;界限;
exceed:
超出;超过;minimal:
少量的;极少的;
utterance:
言论,言辞;alphabet:
字母表;
bull:
废话,胡说;phoneme:
音位,音素;
Juncture:
时刻,关键时刻;pitch:
沥青;树脂;程度;
uphold:
支持,维持;赞成,支撑;anticipate:
预料,预见;
morpheme:
词素;utterance:
言论,言辞;
papal:
教皇的;罗马教廷的;pope:
罗马教皇;主教;大师;
snort:
位置;跟踪,跟着足迹追赶;forth:
向前,向前方;
prep:
出自;从......离开;phonology:
音系学,音韵学;
discrete:
分离的,不相关联的;supraseymental:
超分割的,分离的;
phonological:
音系学的,音韵学的;notion:
概念;意见;见解;打算;
elaborated:
详尽说明;详尽阐述;quirk:
奇事;巧合;怪癖;
deemed:
认为,相信;想;restricted:
(土地)对公众不完全开放
auxiliary:
辅助的,补充的;助动词;continuum:
连续统;闭联区;连续区;
devoid:
缺乏,没有;overlap:
重叠部分;互搭;重叠;
overlapping:
重叠;搭接;kinship:
亲属关系;亲切感;
comprise:
包括;由......组成;integrated:
完整的;结合的;
valid:
有效的;正当的;健全的;tractor:
拖拉机;牵引器;
componential:
构成的,组成的;component:
成分,零件;组分;
column:
纵列;圆柱;subdivision:
细分;分支;
thesaurus:
同义词词典;百科全书;lexicon:
词典;专门词汇;
metabolism:
新陈代谢;代谢作用;magnetism:
磁性;磁学;吸引力;morpheme:
词素;minimal:
最少的,极少的;
arbitrary:
任性的;武断的;专横的;affix:
附加,附件;词缀;
plurality:
(选举中的)相对多数(票);isolate:
使隔离,使孤立;
constitute:
组成,构成;设立;指派;morphological:
形态学的;形态的;
modification:
修改,修正;变态;hyphenated:
带有连字符的;
phrasal:
短语的;inconsistency:
不协调,不一致;hyphen:
连字符;连字号;compound:
复合;复合词;
inflection:
变音;转调;crystal:
结晶;水晶的;透明的,
variant:
(词等的)变体;变异体;derived:
起源;从......中提取;
realization:
认识;领会;实现;morph:
变体;在屏幕上变换图像;
manifestation:
表示;显示;示威;sovereign有主权的,至高无上的
attorney律师,代理人felony重罪
larceny盗窃embroidery刺绣
affixation附加法dispraise贬损,毁谤
comparative比较级,对手appetite食欲
auxiliary助动词semantic语义,语义学的
abettor教唆犯,唆使者exponentially以指数方式
era时代,年代,纪元unprecedented史无前例的
artifacts史前古器物,人工产品tomahawk战斧
hickory山核桃persimmon柿子
prairie大草原,牧场chowder杂烩
toboggan平底雪橇,急剧下降squaw女人,妻子
anemia贫血,无活力,脸色苍白agile敏捷
trisyllabic三音节的dialect乡土语言,方言
mingled融合,联合owe感激,归功于,欠
consonantal辅音的,子音的vexillum军旗
xylophone木琴sermon布道,训诫,启示
baptism洗礼lieutenant中尉,副官
besiege周围,包围sergeant军士
duke公爵viscount子爵
adagio柔和,缓慢ghetto犹太人区,贫民区
soprano女高音ratorio清唱剧
dungaree工作服,粗蓝布azimuth方位
elixir不老长寿药alkali碱性
algorithm算法algebra代数学
cuckoo布谷鸟metanalysis再分化
derivation引出,来历morpheme词素,形态素
singular单数,单一的,非凡entity实体,存在,本质
syntax语法,句法departure离开,出发,违背
premature早产的precaution预防,警惕
agitation激动,煽动turncoat变节者,背叛者
traitor叛徒trendsetting创新风的
capital:
n.首都;资本;资源;大写字母adj.极好的;最重要的;资本的;capitalmarket资本市场foreigncapital外国资本,外资
humancapital人力资本,技能资本venturecapital风险资本,风险投资
capitalinvestment资本投资capitalstructure资本结构
socialcapitaln.社会资本(指交通、卫生、通信等基本设施)
capitalconstruction基本建设provincialcapital省会
registeredcapital注册资本;登记资本额capitalfund资本基金
privatecapital私人资本capitalflow资本流动;资金流量
workingcapital营运资本;运用资capitalaccount资本性帐户;固定资产帐户
intellectualcapital知识资本;智慧资本nationalcapital国家资本
capitalcost[经]资本成本financialcapital金融资本.
Fine:
adj.好的,精美的n.罚款vt.罚款;澄清adv.很好地;精巧地.
infine最后;总而言之finechemicals精细化学品
finequality优良品质;上等品fineart精细工艺
academyoffinearts艺术学院fineworkmanship精工
finegrain微粒,细晶粒finepowder细粉;超微粒
finefor因…而罚款fineparticle细粒;微粒
finestructure精细结构finegrinding细磨;细碎
fineline细线finesand细砂;细沙
finegrainedadj.细纹理,细粒性分布modulator调幅器
finetexture细密结构;微观组织,微细组织withdrawal挽回,取回
missionary任教士stir激起
periodic周期的prose散文
domestic国内的dual双重的
manuscript手稿pave铺
advent出现foster鼓励
expansion神学neuter中性的
exponent倡导者decay腐烂
renaissance文艺复兴domain领域
pervasive遍布invasion入侵
noble贵族stuck坚持
consonantal辅音discard丢掉
authentic正宗的agent代理人
legitimate公正的scribe抄写员
simile明喻mercury汞
sinecure闲职crown国王
pear珍珠ruby红宝石
topaz黄玉sapphire蓝宝石
turquoise绿松石baptism洗礼
abbot男修道院院长clergy神职人员
preach说教mercy解脱
prayer祈祷hermit隐士
havy海军lieutenant中尉
sergeant中士roast烘
sbew炖mince切
qrate磨nautical航海的
geology地质的mineralogy矿物学
unabridged完整的exclude阻止
abbreviated缩写onomatopeic拟声
ejaculation脱口而出tradename商标名
blend混合derivation推论
hint暗示syntactic句法的
slot踪迹distribution分配
derivational派生词scope范围
colloquial口语的juncture结合点
nominal名义上存在bounday分界线
criterion准则obscure不确定的
interrlase相互关联endocentric内向的
exocentric外向的copulative结合的
appositional并列的restriction限制
splinter夹板clip剪
marginal页边的phonetic语音的
intialisms首字母缩略词morphological行态学
spatial空间的prototype原型
radial放射状的dimensional维的有量度的
symphony交响乐corpora(corpus)资料文集汇编
opaque不透光的exposure曝光
transparent清楚易懂的nominal名词的
tenor要旨大意domain领域范畴
manifestation显示证明interval间隔
construe解释trajectory轨道
entity实体analogous类似的
geometric几何的manifest明显的
exterior外部的perceptual知觉的
schema图解概要assimilate吸收
deviate偏离背离peripheral外围的次要的
hydrochloric含氢和氯的pragmatically实事求是的
Notion概念morpheme词素
lexeme词位morph词态
stem词源polysemy一词多义
homonymy同音异义constituent成分
moralizer说教者affix词缀
phoneme音素hyphenated带连字符号的
hyphen连字号manifestation表现
allomorphs同词素的异形体counterpart对应人或物
viceverse反之亦然consonant辅音
atypical非典型的sibilant齿擦音
syntax句法incorporate包含
acoustic声学的denotation指示
utterance说话方式unicorn独角兽
connotative隐含的criterial标准的
concomitant伴随物putative指定的
decode破译dimension尺寸
colloquial白话的socio-stylistic社会文体
explicitly明确得parasitic寄生的
mediation调解ruboff影响
physiology生理学conjureup想起
contamination污染物collocate搭配
departure离开instantiate例示
sedan轿车sedate安静的
sedentary久坐的sediment沉积
devoid缺乏的formative构词要素
interpose插入infix插入词
insert插入articulation表达
incubate孵化incubus梦魇
concubine妾succubus男魇妖
incumbent义务succumb屈服
decumbent匍匐的criterion标准
2.HowmanyperiodsinhistorycanEnglishbedividedinto?
WhataremajorcharacteristicfeaturesofEnglishindifferentperiods?
Itcanbedividedintofourperiods.AcharactersofOldEnglishisthefrequentuseofcoinagesknownas‘kennings’,whichreferstovividfigurativedescriptionofteninvolvingcompounds.MiddleEnglishischaracterizedbyintensiveandextensiveborrowingfromotherlanguages.Fromthisperiod,writtenEnglishhasbeenquiteuniform.InmodernEnglish,alargepartoftheoriginalinflectionalsystemhasdisappeared.AmericanEnglishisEnglishsubjectedtoanewsetofenvironmentalcircumstances.
3.Howdoyoudefinethefollowingterms:
Word,vocabulary,lexicology,linguistics
Andwhatisrelationshipbetweenlexicologyandlinguistics?
⑴A word isasingleunitoflanguagethatcanberepresentedinwritingorspeech.InEnglish,awordhasaspaceoneithersideofitwhenitiswritten.
⑵alistingofthewordsusedinsomeenterprise
⑶thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthelexicalcomponentoflanguage
⑷ thescientificstudyoflanguage
3.Whatarethethreecriteriaofclassifyingvocabulary?
Showexamplestosupporteachcriterion.
1)closedclasses;openclasses;lessercategoriesexample:
considerthefollowingword---closee.gcloseisanadjectivein"acloselook",anounin"atthecloseofthe20thcentury",andaverbin"pleaseclosethedoorbehindyou".
5.Whydoeseachofthebigdictionarieshaveadozenpagesofsupplementaryinformation?
Whatdoesitmightinclude?
AsfarasIamconcerned,therearesomeadvantagesforthis.Firstofall,itcanenrichourknowledge.Itletsusknowmoreotherthinginthestudy.Then,itmakesthedictionaryinteresting.Iguessallofthesereasonscanillustratethatwhydoeseachofthebigdictionarieshaveadozenpagesofsupplementaryinformation.
Itmightincludeabbreviations,punctuation,pronunciation,namesofpeopleandplaces,style,specialsignsandsymbols,formsofaddress,irregularverbs,weightsandmeasures,definingvocabulary,grammar,academicwriting,wordformation,idioms,collocationandsoon.
6.Howdoyouclassifythetypesofmorphemes?
Canyouillustratethembyexamples?
Themorphemesaretheultimategrammaticalconstituents,thesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.Forexample,moralizerisanEnglishwordcomposedoffourmorphemes:
moral+lize+er+s
7.Howdoyoudefineidiom,slang,jargon,collocationandspecialterms,andgive5examplesforeachofthespecifications.
Idiomisagroupwordswhosemeaningisdifferentfromthemeaningsofindividualwords.Forexample,letthecatoutofthebag.Slangisveryinformalwordsandexpressionsthataremorecommoninspokenlanguages,especiallyusedbyagroupofpeople,forexampleteenageslang.Jargonisthewordsandexpressionsthatareusedbyaparticularprofessionorgroupofpeopleandaredifficultforotherstounderstand,forexample,medicalcomputer.
.
9.Howdoyouclassifytheformsofwordformation?
Canyoushow10examplestoillustrateeachofthem?
Therearethreewaysofextendingthewordstock:
borrowingwordsthatexistinotherlanguage,creatingentirelynewwords,orformingnewwordsfromexistingresourceswithinthewordstock.
10.Classifyprefixesintotencategoriesintermsofmeaningandmaketwosentencesforeachoftheprefixyouhavechosen.
dis:
disagree--e.gIhavetodisagreewithyouonthis.Ifhisgeneralsdisagree,hewilloverrulethem.im:
impressed--e.gShedidnotimpressmeatall.Heimpresseduswithhisgreatability.il:
illegal--e.gIfsomethingisillegal,thelawsaysthatitisnotallowed.Hewasconvictedofillegallyusingahandgun.un:
unusual--e.gThisunusualsightfixedourattention.Thisispartofthechair'sunusualdesign,aswellasoneofitsbiggestflaws.mis:
misunderstand--e.gTheypretendedtomisunderstandme.Thesewritersarecorrectaboutthethreattosearch,buttheymisunderstandthesource.ir:
irreal--e.gThestoryisirreal.hisdreamisairrealbeaty.non:
noncompliance--e.gSpankingyoungchildrenasabackupto"timeout"orreasoningcanreduce
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