届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练.docx
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届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练.docx
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届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练
2022高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练
(A)
InreallifeJoannaGarciaSwisher,41,ishappilymarriedtoformerMajorLeagueBaseballplayerNickSwisher,40,andraisingdaughtersSailor,4,andEmerson,7.OnTVsheneedsthehelpofamatchmakertofindloveinthenewHallmarkChannelromanceAsLuckWouldHaveIt.Sheopensupaboutraisingstronggirls,howherparents’recentdeathsaffectedherandwhichrolesfansrecognizeherforthemost.
Youhaven’tneededamatchmaker--butiflifehadturnedoutdifferently,wouldyouuseone?
Iwouldtotallyhavebeengameforit.Iwassetupbyafriendofourstomeetmyhusband,butIthinkitsoundssofun.
YoustaroppositeAllenLeech--wereyouaDowntonAbbeyfan?
I’mahugeDowntonfan,butIknowAllenpersonallyverywell.Hehappenedtomarrymybestfriend’slittlesister.HismomactuallycookedmedinneracoupleoftimeswhileIwasshooting!
You’vebeenonTVsinceyouwereateen.Whichrolegetsyourecognizedmost?
SweetMagnoliasnow.ButoverallIwouldsayReba.IalsogetrecognizedforbeingAmyAdamsmorethanIgetrecognizedforbeingmyself.
Youlostyourmother,fatherandgrandmotherinthepastyearandahalf.Howareyouandyourfamilydoing?
Mydaughtershavewatchedmegothroughsomuchinthelastyear,fromthehighsofthesuccessofSweetMagnoliastothelowestoflows,losingmyparentsandmygrandmother.Ireallybelievethatit’snotwhathappenstoyou,it’swhathappensforyou.Evenintheirpassing,astragicasitwas ... Iknowthatit’snotfornothing.Mymomwassuchastrong,capable,amazingwoman;myfatherwastheultimatefatherandfeministandjusthugesourceofsupport--andIthinkthatsolidifiedmystrength.SoIonlyhopethatI’mmodelingthatsamestrengthformygirls.
1.Howdoesthetextdevelop?
A.Byquestionsandanswers.B.Bylistingexamples.
C.Bynarratinglifestories.D.Bycomparisonandcontrast.
2.WhatdoesJoannaGarciaSwisherthinkofamatchmakerinmarriage?
A.It’sstrange.B.It’sacceptable.C.It’sterrible.D.It’snecessary.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?
A.Joannawasjustplayingonwords.
B.Joannamissedherparentsmuch.
C.Joannasubmittedherselftoherfate.
D.Joannafacedthetragedypositively.
4.WhatcanbestdescribeJoannaGarciaSwisheraccordingtothetext?
A.Simpleandtalkative.B.Stubbornandinfluential.
C.Strongandeasy-going.D.Negativeandsensitive
(B)
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlytunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat–onesocialandoneasocial(不爱社交的)–for5days.Theroboticratresembledabiggerversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialroboticratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingabutton.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobot,becauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunal(共同的)exploringandplaying.“Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,”saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsplaindesign.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialsignals,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplaysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.
1.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.
A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
B.distinguishfriendsfromenemies
C.learnsociableskillsthroughtraining
D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellows
2.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
A.Itfollowedtheasocialrobot.B.Itmadefriendswithtoys.
C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.D.Itmovedaroundalone.
3WhydidtheratsreleasethesocialrobotaccordingtoQuinn?
A.Theytriedtopracticeameansofescape.
B.Theyexpectedittodothesameinreturn.
C.Theywantedtodisplaytheirintelligence.
D.Theyconsidereditaninterestinggame.
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Ratsarehighlyadaptabletonewsurroundings.
B.Ratsaremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals.
C.Ratsbehavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing.
D.Ratsaremoresensitivetosocialsignalsthanexpected.
(C)
Aboutsevenyearsago,KristinandJoshMohagenwerehoneymooninginNapaValleyinCalifornia,whentheysmelledsomethingsurprisingintheirglassesofwine;greenpepper.Itwasexplainedthatthegrapesinthatbottlehadripenedonahillsidealongsideafieldofgreenpeppers."Thatwasmyfirstexperiencewithterroir,"JoshMohagensays.
Itmadeanimpression.InspiredbytheirtimeinNapa,theMohagensreturnedhomeandlaunchedachocolatebusinessbasedontheprincipleofterroir,oftendefinedas"senseofplace”.
Thedefinitionofterroirissomewhatfluid.WineenthusiastsusetheFrenchtermtodescribetheenvironmentalconditionsinwhichagrapeisgrownthatgiveawineitsuniquetasteandsmell.Thesoil,climateandeventheorientation(朝向)ofahillsideorthecompanyofneighboringplants,andinsectsplayarole.Someexpertsexpandterroirtoincludespecificculturalpracticesforgrowingandprocessinggrapesthatcouldalsoinfluencetaste.
Theideaofterroirisquiteold.IntheMiddleAges,thewine-makersinBurgundy,France,dividedthecountrysideintodifferentclimateareas,accordingtodifferencesinthelandscapethatseemedtotranslateintouniquewinecharacteristics.WinesproducedaroundthevillageofGearey-Chambertin,forexample,“arefamousforbeingfuller-bodied,powerfularidmoretannicthanmost,"saysJoeQuinn,winedirectorofTheRedHen,arestaurantinWashington,D.C."Incontrast,thewinesfromthevillageofChambolle-Musigny,justafewmilessouth,arewidelyconsideredtobemorefine,delicateandlight-bodied.”
Arecentwaveofscientificresearchsuggeststhattheenvironmentandproductionpracticescan,infact,produceachemicalormicrobial(微生物的)signaturesodistinctivethatscientistscanusethesignaturetotracefoodbacktoitsorigin.Andinsomecases,thesetechniquesarebeginningtooffercluesonhowterroircanshapethesmellandtasteoffoodanddrinks.
1.WhatimpressedtheMohagensmostduringtheirstayinNapa?
A.Thesmellfromthewine.
B.Thefieldofgreenpeppers.
C.ThesceneryofNapaValley.
D.Theripegrapesonahillside.
2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fluid"inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Impractical.B.Specific.C.Uncertain.D.Conventional.
3.WhydidtheauthorquoteawinedirectorinParagraph4?
A.Todemonstratetheeffectofterroir.
B.Tointroducetwotypesofgrapewine.
C.Toprovethelonghistoryofterroir.
D.Togetarestaurantknowntothepublic.
4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutterroirfromthetext?
A.Itsresearchisoflittlebenefit.
B.Itgivesfooditsuniquefeatures.
C.Itsvalueneedstobefurthertested.
D.Itisanewly-acknowledgedconcept.
(D)
Accompaniedbyherfather,usingacombinationofaidandfreeclimbingandtakingadvantageofsomespecialequipmentandropesforprotection,10-year-oldSelahmadeittothetopofElCapitanonJune12afterfivedaysofbigwallclimbing.
ClimbingthechallengingandadventurousNoserouteofElCapitanwasalaborofloveforSelahinmorethanoneway.Herparents,MikeandJoySchneiter,fellinloveonthis3,000-plus-foothugerockandshehasalwayswantedtofeelthewaythatherparentsfeltwhentheywereuptheretogether.Selahshowedgreatinterestinrockclimbingatanearlyage.Sheworeherfirstrock-climbingequipmentshortlyaftershelearnedtowalk.ShefirstdreamedofclimbingElCapitanwhenshewas6or7.
ElCapitanisafamousmountain-sizedrockinYosemiteNationalPark.Gettingtoitstopisnoeasytask.It'staller,asreported,thanthetallestbuildingintheworld-Dubai’sBuriKhalifa.ElCapitananditsdifficultNoseroute,whichrunsmorethan3,000feethighupthecenteroftherock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbigwallclimbsandhasattractedthebestclimbersovertime.Butneverbeforehadayoungsteraccomplishedit.
Selah'sachievementcaughtnationalattention.OutsideMagazinecalledhertheyoungestdocumentedpersontoclimbtheNose.KenYager,presidentoftheYosemiteClimbingAssociation,saidhealsocouldn'tthinkofanyoneyoungerwhohasdoneit.
SelahishumbleaboutherElCapitanaccomplishment."I'mnotnecessarilyaspecialkidoranythinglikethat,shesaid."TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwouldkindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.Butoverall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway.”
Selahsharedthisadviceforotheryoungclimbersdreamingofbigwalls,"Itdoesn'ttakenecessarilyasuperspecialpersontodosomethinglikethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmind
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