阅读理解的背景 文章分类 范文.docx
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阅读理解的背景 文章分类 范文.docx
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阅读理解的背景文章分类范文
01
Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemforfood.Sometimes,however,twokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnershipwhichdoesgoodtobothofthem.Youmayhavenoticedsomebirdssittingonthebacksofsheep.Thisisnotbecausetheywantaride,butbecausetheyfindeasyfoodintheparasites(寄生虫)onsheep.Thesheepallowthebirdstodosobecausetheyremovethecauseofdiscomfort.Soalthoughtheycanmanagewithouteachother,theydobettertogether.
Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithouteachother.Thisissointhecoralsofthesea.Intheirskinstheyhavetinyplantswhichactas"dustmen",takingsomeofthewasteproductsfromthecoralandgivinginreturnoxygen(氧气)whichtheanimalneedstobreathe.
Iftheplantsarekilled,orareevenpreventedfromlightsothattheycannotlivenormally,thecoralswilldie.
01.Somebirdsliketositinasheepbecause________.
A.theycaneatitsparasites
B.theydependonthesheepforliving
C.theyenjoytravellingwiththesheep
D.theyfindthepositionmostcomfortable
02.Theword"they"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.
A.birdsandparasites
B.birdsandsheep
C.sheepandparasites
D.sheep,birdsandparasites
03.Fromthepassageweknowthatthecoralisakindof________.
A.plantthatneedsoxygen
B.plantthatcanproduceoxygen
C.animalthatneedsoxygen
D.animalthatcanproduceoxygen
04.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?
A.Someanimalsandplantsdependoneachotherforliving.
B.Someanimalsandplantsdeveloptheirrelationshipeasily.
C.Someplantsdependoneachotherforfood.
D.Someanimalslivebettertogether.
02
Theideaoffightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,butthat'sexactlywhatmotorengineersaredoinginGermanyandsomeothercountries.
Carmakers'researchanddevelopmentlaboratorieshavealreadyprovedthatmixinginmorenoisewiththehelpofloudspeakerscanreducetheunwantednoise.
Physicistshaveknownaboutthetechniqueforalongtime.Soundismadeupofpressurewavesintheair.Iftwosoundwavesofthesamefrequency(频率)mixsothatthehighestpointofonewavehappensatthesametimewiththelowestpointoftheotherwave,theresultisnosound.Therefore,byproducingaperfectcopyofthenoiseanddelayingitbyhalfawavecycle(周期),wecankilltheunwantednoise.Usingthistechniquemanycarmakersareracingtodevelopnoise-killingsystemsbothinsideandoutsidethecars.
Anothergoodthingabouttheuseofnoise-killingsystemsisthatitsavestheneedforasilencer,whichnotonlyreducestheweightofacar,butalsomakesthemotorburnlessoilandworkbetter.
Someengineersbelievethatthenoise-killingsystemwillbeusedinmostcarsin1996.Butthecarmakershaven'tdecidediftheywillputitintoproductionbecauseitwouldaddseveralhundreddollarstothecostoftheircars.
1.Whichofthefollowinggivesageneralideaofhowthenoise-killingsystemworks?
A.Byproducingpressurewavesgoingintheoppositedirection.
B.Bymixinghighfrequencysoundwaveswithlowfrequencysoundwaves.
C.Bymakingcopiesoftheunwantedsoundwavesandlettingthemoutalittlelater.
D.Bymixingnewsoundwaveswiththenoiseandsendingthemouttogether.
2.Besidesitsmainfunction(功能)thenoise-killingsystemcan.
A.makeacarlighter
B.makeacarquieter
C.reducethecostofasilencer
D.improvetheperformanceofasilencer
3.Thenoise-killingsystemisnotyetpopularmainlybecause.
A.itincreasesthecostofcarproduction
B.carmakersarenotsureifitisnecessary
C.itisstillbeingtriedout
D.peoplestillhavetheirdoubts
03
Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributed(分布)indifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomachandnowaistline-whichmakesthemlookround,ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped(梨形的).
Therearetwotypesoffat:
externalfat(fatundertheskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefoundthatthe‘pears'havelessinternalfat,butthe‘apples'havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.
Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthatdieting(节食)simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoknownwayofreducingtheinternalratherthanexternalfat.
1.Thetextismainlyabout________.
A.fatnessandhealthB.waystoloseweigh
C.people'sfiguresD.distributionoffat
2.Whenapear-shapedpersonbecomesthinner,he/shelosesmore.
A.internalfatthanexternalfat
B.externalfatthaninternalfat
C.fatabovethewaist
D.fatbelowthewaist
04
Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome"computer-literate",inotherwords,tolearntounderstandcomputersandwhatmakesthemtick.Notallexpertsagree,however,thatisagoodidea.
Onepioneer,inparticular.whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,thefounderofComputertownUK.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer,Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheoppositereason,tobringcomputerstothepeopleandmakethem"people-literate".
DavidfirstgottheideawhenhevisitedoneofAmerica’sbest-knowncomputer"guru"figure,BobAlbrecht,inthesmalluniversitytownofPaloAltoinNorthernCalifornia.AlbrechthadstartedaprojectcalledComputertownUSAinthelocallibrary,andthelocalchildrenusedtocallroundeveryWednesdaytoborrowsometimeonthecomputersthere,insteadofborrowinglibrarybooks.Albrechtwasalwaysonhandtoansweranyquestionsandtohelpthechildrendiscoveraboutcomputersintheirownway.
Overhere,inBritain,Computertownshavetakenoffinabigway,andtherearenowabout40scatteredoverthecountry.DavidTebbuttthinkstheyaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclub.Heinsiststhereisavastandimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo,althoughtheycomplementeachother.Theclubscaterfortheenthusiasts,withsomecomputerknowledgealready,whogettogetherarideventuallyformanexpertcomputergroup.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingtoComputertownswheretherearecomputersavailableforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsavailabletoencouragethemandansweranyquestions;theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.
DavidTehbuttfindsitinterestingtoseethetwodifferentapproachesworkingsidebyside.Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeabletoexplaintheanswerstothequestionsthatpeoplereallywanttoknow.InsomeComputertownstherearequestionsessions,ratherlikeradiophone-ins,wheretheexpertslistentoalotofquestionsandthentrytoworkoutsomestructuretoanswerthem.Peoplearenothavingtolearncomputerjargons,buttheexpertsarehavingtotranslatecomputermysteriesintoeasilyunderstoodterms;thecomputersarebecoming"people-literate".
1.AccordingtoDavidTebbutt,thepurposeofComputertownUKisto___
A.trainpeopletounderstandhowcomputerswork
B.makemorecomputersavailabletopeople
C.enablemorepeopletofixcomputersthemselves
D.helppeoplefindoutmoreaboutcomputers
2.WeLearnfromthepassagethatComputertownUSAwasa___.
A.townB.projectC.libraryD.school
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.ComputertownsintheUKhavebecomepopular.
B.Computertownsandclubscaterfordifferentpeople.
C.Computertownsaremoresuccessfulthanclubs.
D.It’sbetterthatcomputertownsandclubsworktogether.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcomputertowns?
A.Expertsgivelecturesandtalksoncomputers.
B.Expertsareonhandtoanswerpeople’squestions.
C.Peoplearelefttodiscovercomputersontheirown.
D.Therearecomputersaroundforpeopletopractiseon.
05
OlafStapledonwroteabookcalledFirstandLastMen,inwhichhelookedmillionsofyearsahead.Hetoldofdifferentmenandofstrangecivilizations,brokenupbylong'darkages'inbetween.Inhisview,whatiscalledthepresenttimeisnomorethanamomentinhumanhistoryandwearejusttheFirstMen.In2,000millionyearsfromnowtherewillbetheEighteenthorLastMen.
However,mostofourideasaboutthefuturearereallyveryshort-sighted.Perhapswecanseesomepossibilitiesforthenextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?
Thenextthousand?
Thenextmillion?
That'smuchmoredifficult.
Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?
Yettomenof50,000yearsfromnow,wemayseemasprimitiveinourideasastheStone-Agehuntersdotous.Perhapsthroughthespundelsandballalators,thesewords,whichIhavejustmadeup,havetostandforthingsandideasthatwesimplycan'tthinkof.
Sowhybothereventotryimagininglifefarinthefuture?
Herearetworeasons.Firstunlesswerememberhowshortourownlivesarecomparedwiththewholehumanhistory,wearelikelytothinkourowninterestsaremuchmoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Ifwemaketheearthapoorplacetolive,becausewearecarelessorgreedyorquarrelsome,ourgrand-childrenwillnotbothertothinkofexcusesforus.
Second,bytryingtoescapefrompresentinterestsandi
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