EducationintheUnitedStates美国教育.docx
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EducationintheUnitedStates美国教育.docx
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EducationintheUnitedStates美国教育
Education-in-the-United-States美国教育
EducationintheUnitedStates
(1)
EducationintheUnitedStatesismainlyprovidedbythepublicsector,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:
federal,state,andlocal.Childeducationiscompulsory.Therearealsoalargenumberandwidevarietyofhighereducationinstitutionsthroughoutthecountrythatonecanchoosetoattend,bothpublicandprivate.
教育在美国主要是由公共部门,提供控制和资金来自三个等级:
联邦、州和地方。
孩子的教育是强制性的。
还有许多和各种各样的全国高等教育机构,可以选择参加,两个公共和私人。
Publiceducationisuniversallyavailable.Schoolcurricula,funding,teaching,employment,andotherpoliciesaresetthroughlocallyelectedschoolboardswithjurisdictionoverschooldistrictswithmanydirectivesfromstatelegislatures.Schooldistrictsareusuallyseparatefromotherlocaljurisdictions,withindependentofficialsandbudgets.Educationalstandards
校,或者批准的家庭学校的计划。
在大多数公立和私立学校,教育分为三个层次:
小学、中学(有时称为初中),和高中(有时称为中等教育)。
Inalmostallschoolsattheselevels,childrenaredividedbyagegroupsintogrades,rangingfromkindergarten(followedbyfirstgrade)fortheyoungestchildreninelementaryschool,uptotwelfthgrade,thefinalyearofhighschool.Theexactagerangeofstudentsinthesegradelevelsvariesslightlyfromareatoarea.
在几乎所有的学校在这些层面,孩子们按年龄段划分为等级,从幼儿园(其次是一年级)最小的孩子在小学里,到第12年级,高中的最后一年。
这些学生年级的确切年龄范围地区略有不同。
Post-secondaryeducation,betterknownas"college"intheUnitedStates,isgenerallygovernedseparatelyfromtheelementaryandhighschoolsystem,andisdescribedinaseparatesectionbelow.
高等教育,更好的被称为“大学”在美国,通常是分开治理中小学系统,和下面的描述在一个单独的部分。
Statistics统计数据
Intheyear2000,therewere76.6millionstudentsenrolledinschoolsfromkindergartenthroughgraduateschools.Ofthese,72percentaged12to17werejudgedacademically"ontrack"fortheirage(enrolledinschoolatorabovegradelevel).Ofthoseenrolledincompulsoryeducation,5.2million(10.4percent)wereattendingprivateschools.
在2000年,有7660万名学生参加了学校从幼儿园到研究生院。
12岁至17岁的这些人中,有72%在学术上被判定“正轨”,他们的年龄(参加学校以上级别)。
参加义务教育,520万(10.4%)参加私立学校。
Amongthecountry'sadultpopulation,over85percenthavecompletedhighschooland27percenthavereceivedabachelor'sdegreeorhigher.Theaveragesalaryforcollegeoruniversitygraduatesisgreaterthan$51,000,exceedingthenationalaverageofthosewithoutahighschooldiplomabymorethan$23,000,accordingtoa2005studybytheU.S.CensusBureau.The2010unemploymentrateforhighschoolgraduateswas10.8%;therateforcollegegraduateswas4.9%.
国家的成年人口中,超过85%已完成高中和27%收到学士学位或更高。
学院或大学毕业生的平均工资大于51000美元,超过了全国平均水平没有高中文凭的超过23000美元,据美国人口普查局2005年的一项研究。
2010年的高中毕业生的失业率为10.8%;大学毕业生的比例是4.9%。
Thecountryhasareadingliteracyrateat99%ofthepopulationoverage15,whilerankingbelowaverageinscienceandmathematicsunderstandingcomparedtootherdevelopedcountries.In2008,therewasa77%graduationratefromhighschool,belowthatofmostdevelopedcountries.
ThepoorperformancehaspushedpublicandprivateeffortssuchastheNoChildLeftBehindAct.Inaddition,theratioofcollege-educatedadultsenteringtheworkforcetogeneralpopulation(33%)isslightlybelowthemeanofotherdevelopedcountries(35%)andrateofparticipationofthelaborforceincontinuingeducationishigh.A2000sstudybyJonMillerofMichiganStateUniversityconcludedthat"AslightlyhigherproportionofAmericanadultsqualifyasscientificallyliteratethanEuropeanorJapaneseadults".
Schoolgrades学校的成绩
Mostchildrenenterthepubliceducationsystemaroundagesfiveorsix.TheAmericanschoolyeartraditionallybeginsattheendofAugustorthedayafterLaborDayinSeptember,afterthetraditionalsummerrecess.Childrenareassignedintoyeargroupsknownasgrades,beginningwithpreschool,followedbykindergartenandculminatingintwelfthgrade.Childrencustomarilyadvancetogetherfromonegradetothenextasasinglecohortor"class"uponreachingtheendofeachschoolyearinlateMayorearlyJune.
TheAmericaneducationalsystemcomprises12gradesofstudyover12calendaryearsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationbeforegraduatingandbecomingeligibleforcollegeadmission.Afterpre-kindergartenandkindergarten,therearefiveyearsinprimaryschool(normallyknownaselementaryschool).Aftercompletingfivegrades,thestudentwillenterjuniorhighormiddleschoolandthenhighschooltogetthehighschooldiploma.
TheU.S.usesordinalnumbers(e.g.,firstgrade)foridentifyinggrades.TypicalagesandgradegroupingsinpublicandprivateschoolsmaybefoundthroughtheU.S.DepartmentofEducation.Manydifferentvariationsexistacrossthecountry.
Studentscompletinghighschoolmaychoosetoattendacollegeoruniversity.Undergraduatedegreesmaybeeitherassociate'sdegreesorbachelor'sdegrees(baccalaureate)
Communitycollegetypicallyoffertwo-yearassociate'sdegrees,although
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