英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法.docx
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英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法.docx
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英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法
毕业论文
毕业论文题目:
OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice
学生姓名:
学号:
院(系):
外国语学院英语系
专业:
双学位经贸英语
班级:
指导教师姓名:
指导教师称谓:
讲师
起止时间:
2012年10月—2013年5月
OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice
AThesisSubmitted
ToForeignLanguagesDepartment
OfZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
By
Supervisor:
May,2013
SCHOOLOFFOREIGNLANGUAGES
ZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology
DeclarationofAcademicIntegrity
Ipromisethatthethesiscontainsnomaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainanyinstitutesofhigherlearningandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thethesiscontainsnomaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextofthethesis.
IunderstandthattodosowouldmeanthatIhadcommittedplagiarism,andthatitismyresponsibilitytobeawareoftheUniversity’sregulationsonplagiarismandtheirimportance.
Signed:
Date:
OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice
Abstract:
JaneAustenisaBritishwomannovelistinthe19thcentury.InhermasterpiecePrideandPrejudice,theuseofironyisthebiggestartisticfeature.Thethesisfirstintroducesthedefinitionandfunctionofirony.Second,itanalyzestheapplicationofironyinthecharacterizationofthenovel,whichnotonlymakesthenovelfilledwithwitandhumor,butalsoprovestheauthor’sthoroughunderstandingofhumannature;Third,itexpoundstheironyinthemarriageplot,wherebytheauthorcriticizestheBritishmarriagevaluethatmoneymattersmostandputsforwardthatthehappinessofmarriageconsistsinemotionalcommunication,independentpersonalityandgoodcharacter.Finally,thethesisconcludesthatJaneAustine’sironycontainsherunderstandingoflifeandsocietyandsoitisthesharpestweaponsusedinhernovels.
Keywords:
JaneAusten,irony,PrideandPrejudice,characterization,plot
《傲慢与偏见》中的反讽
摘要:
简奥斯丁是一位英国19世纪杰出的女性作家。
在她的作品《傲慢与偏见》中,对于反讽的写作手法是对于文学最大的财富。
本论文首先介绍了反讽的定义和功能;其次,从人物塑造方面,分析了人物刻画中反讽的运用,不但使小说充满了智慧和幽默,还体现出作者对人性的透彻的洞察力。
再次,论证了小说中婚姻情节中的反讽,借此,作者批判了当时只重视金钱的婚姻观念,提出感情的沟通,独立的人格和高尚品格才是幸福婚姻的保障。
最后得出反讽体现出了简·奥斯汀对生活和社会的理解,因此反讽也成为她作品中一个利器。
关键词:
简奥斯汀;反讽;《傲慢与偏见》,人物塑造,情节
Contents
OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice
1Introduction
JaneAustenisanoutstandingBritishwomannovelistinthe19thcentury.Herliteraryworkshavefar-reachinginfluencesnotonlyonposterity,butalsoonthedevelopmentofsocietyandliterature.ThroughanalysisoftheplotandthecharacterizationoffiguresinPrideandPrejudice,thethesiswillexploreironyusedbyJaneAusten.Hernovelsarefilledwithsnidetoneandsarcasticwords.Morethanthat,Janechosetouseironyinshapingcharacters,arrangementoftheplotandthetheme.Therefore,theanalysisoftheironyisthekeytounderstandingthisnovel.
Inrecentyears,manydomesticandforeignscholarsdevotedtoAustin'sfictionstudies,inwhichironicalartisgenerallytalked.Monaghan,DavidandWillis,Jane,theysharethesameidea.Intheirpaper,thethemeistoanalyzeexpressionsofironyinPrideandPrejudice.Itfocusesonironyinthethreeareasofcharacterizationandcharacterrelationships.JaneAustenfocusonthefivemarriagesinthenovel,appliesironyatdifferentaspects,anduseshumorouswordstoshowusherownprogressiveviewonloveandmarriage.TheopeningsentenceofPrideandPrejudicedirectlypointedoutthemostpopularviewonmarriageinsociety“Itisatruthwellknowntoalltheworldthatanunmarriedmaninpossessionofalargefortunemustbeinneedofawife.”Thecontentofthissentenceisreallyridiculousandstupidwhilethesentencepatternisneatandformal.Thesharpcontrastbetweenthecontentandformmakesagreateffectofirony.Andironyisusedmanytimesinthisnovel.Thisthesiswilldiscusshowironyisemployedintermsofthecharacterizationofthefigures,theplotinPrideandPrejudiceinthehopeofbetterunderstandingthenovel.
2TheIntroductiontoIrony
2.1DefinitionofIrony
“Ironyisarhetoricaldevice,literarytechnique,orsituationinwhichthereisanincongruitybetweentheliteralandtheimpliedmeaning.”(Huang,2010)“Itisauniversalphenomenonofnaturallanguageusedinourdailycommunication.Ironyisabroadtermreferringtotherecognitionofarealitydifferentfromthemaskingappearance.Itisacontrastoradifferencebetweenthewaythingsseemandthewaytheyreallyare.”(Willis,2006)Thatistosay,onesaysathingbutmeanstheopposite.Ironycanbedividedintothefollowingseveral:
Verbalirony,Dramaticirony.(Skehan,2004)Nowrittenmethodforindicatingironyexists,thoughanironypunctuationmarkhasbeenproposed.Inthe1580s,HenryDenhamintroducedarhetoricalquestionmarkorpreconditionspointwhichlookslikeareversedquestionmark.ThismarkwasalsoproposedbytheFrenchpoetMarcelBernhardtattheendofthe19thcenturytoindicateironyorsarcasm.
2.2TheFunctionofIrony
Theuseofwordsthatsaytheoppositeofwhatyoureallymean,inordertobeemphatic,amusing,sarcastic,etc.(Hu,2008).Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Itcanbeamusingorcanshowannoyance.Ironyhaveadeepermeaningandcanarousepeople'ssympathy.
2.3ExpressionsofIronyinPrideandPrejudice
InthePrideandPrejudice,thereisalwaysagapbetweenwhatshesaysandwhatshemeans,betweenthesurfacemeaningandherrealintention.IronyisthemoststrikingfeatureinJaneAusten’snovels.Asaningeniouswork,themasterpieceofJaneAusten,PrideandPrejudiceemploystheironictechniqueincharacterizationandstructure,whichhasmadeagreatrealisticcomicworkofthenovel.
3TheAppreciationofIronyinCharacterization
Ironyplaysadecisivepartincharacterizationaswellasinplotdevelopment.InPrideandPrejudice,boththewise(Elizabeth,Mr.Darcy,etc.)andthefoolish(Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,etc.)becometheobjectsofJaneAusten’sirony.Ironyisthemarrowofthisnovel,inwhichnooneisperfect.
3.1Elizabeth
Elizabethisourheroine.PrideandPrejudicewas,forsometimeatleast,JaneAusten’sownfavoriteandshewrotehersisterwhenitappeared“ImustconfessthatIthinkher(theheroine,Elizabeth)asdelightfulacreatureaseverappearedinprint;andhowIshallbeabletotoleratethosewhodonotlikeheratleastIdonotknow.”Yet,JaneAustensparesnosatireuponsuchadelightfulcreature.Elizabethiswitty,intelligentandunconventional.She“hassomethingmoreofquicknessthanhersisters”.(Austen,1813:
152)However,shealsocan’tavertherselffromtheinfluenceofthe“truthuniversallyacknowledged.”(Austen,1813:
305)Moreover,sheistoohastyinjudgmentandtooeasilytakeninbyappearances.Ontheonehand,sheisslightedbyMr.Darcyataballandthensafelypromiseshermothernevertodancewithhim.Ontheotherhand,sheisattractedbyMr.Wickham,whoseappearanceisgreatlyinhisfavor.Thenshe“preparedinthehighestspiritsfortheconquestofallthatremainedunstudiedofhisheart.”(Austen,1813:
155)TherelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyisworsenedbyWickham’sillwordstoDarcy.Senseisoverwhelmedbysensibility.OnaccountofherprejudiceagainstDarcy,Elizabethtriestobringdownhisprideandhasthesatisfactionofrefusinghisproposalbysayingthat“⋯youwerethelastmanintheworldwhomIcouldeverbeprevailedontomarry.”(Austen,1813:
179)Ofcourse,ElizabethfinallyrecognizesWickham’struefaceandrevealsthatitisthearrogantDarcywhosavesthereputationoftheBennetfamilybyarrangingLydiaandWickham’smarriage.Thenfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved.Intheend,DarcyandElizabethareunited.
Darcy,asawiseman,isanotherobjectofsatire.Atfirst,heclaimsthatElizabethisnothandsomeenoughtotempthimandsaysfranklythat“itmustverymateriallylessentheirchanceofmarryingmenofanyconsiderationintheworld.”(Austen,1813:
18).However,heistheverymanwhomarriesElizabeth.
3.2Mr.Darcy
LikeElizabeth,DarcyisanidealcharacterbyAusten’swriting.Hewasarrogantbynature.ForthefirsttimeseeingElizabeth,hetreatedherverypicky.Butthenhehasaffectionforhergradually,andaskedhertomarryhim,butheencountersflatrefusalandragegivenbyElizabeth.Darcy’sproposalisarrogant,Elizabethrejecteditwithgreatprejudice.Austen’smockeryatthemhasplayedtotheextremehere.LaterDarcychangeshisarrogantattitude;hetreatsElizabeth’srelativescourteouslyandmakeseveryattempttohelpLydia.Elizabethfallsinlovewithhim,givinghimsecondtime.
3.3Mr.Bennet
Mr.Bennet,whoissmarthumorousandeducatedman,isoddwithinhiswords.Maybehecanalwaysgivepeoplesurpriseandexcitement.Fromhiswords,Mr.Bennetisamanwhotriestosaysomethingbyfeigninguninterestedormakingconcessionsbuthedoesnotsayitimmediately,whichmakesyounervous.Forexamples,hesays,“Youwanttotellme,andIhavenoobjectiontohearingit.”(Austen,1813:
243)InthefollowingstorythatMr.BennetnoticesthecomingofBingley,buthestillpretendstosaythathehasnotheard.Whyhesaysitlikethis—toshowhumoroftheoldgentlemanandhisdaughtersandwifecanattendhim.Heisasmartandeducatedmanfromthewayofdealingwiththingsandthemannerofspeaking.Hehasahighandfarsighttocareabouthisdaughter’smarriagebutisquietwhichisverydifferentfromhis
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