高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题 2.docx
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高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题 2.docx
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高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题2
广东省佛山市第一中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试(含听力)英语试题
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
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一、阅读选择
ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通话)class,hequicklychangedhismind.
“IthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,”saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.
HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.Whileit’sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,”hesaid.
Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency(熟练)inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.
“PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast,”saidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil(议会)ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.“We’reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.”
Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasan“importantneeds”languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.“Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,”Abbottadded.
Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.
1.WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?
A.MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.
B.Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.
C.MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.
D.Mandarincouldenablehimtostudycomputerengineering.
2.Theunderlinedword“edge”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.
A.aslightadvantageB.theoutsidelimit
C.asharptoneofvoiceD.anexcitingquality
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagreewith?
A.MandarinshouldbetaughtinclassroomsthroughouttheUS.
B.ThoseskilledatChinesewillbethemostcompetitiveinthefuture.
C.TheUSgovernment’spolicyhashelpedpopularizeMandarinintheUS.
D.AmericanslearnMandarinbecausetheyworryabouttheirnationalsecurity.
4.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?
A.TherisingpopularityofMandarinamongAmericanstudents.
B.ThegreatbenefitsoflearningMandarinforAmericanstudents.
C.TheinfluenceofChina’sgrowingpoweronAmericaneducation.
D.TheeffectofConfuciusInstitutesinpromotingMandarinintheUS.
Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?
Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon’tlikerule-breakingisbecausefairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Scientistshavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefeelings.Thestudyfoundthatthissohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessisoneofbasichumanneeds.
Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.
Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehave,andcanbeinternal(内在的)orexternal.Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon’tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwrong.Wedon’twanttodisappointourfamilyandfriends,either.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.
Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Rewards,suchasjobpromotionsandpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.
Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity’sbestinterests.
Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Iftherewerenorules,mostpeoplewouldprobablystillbehavepositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘‘this’’inparagraph2referto?
A.Aprograminhumanbrains.B.Acomfortablesituation.
C.Theresponsewithbadfeelings.D.Therequirementofffairness.
6.Whydocommunitieshaverules?
A.Topunishillegalactivities.B.Topreventdisagreement.
C.Topromotefairness.D.Tomeetvariousdemands.
7.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalcontrol?
A.Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshameful
B.Parkintherightplacesoasnottogetaparkingticket.
C.Paytheelectricitybillontimeinordernottogetalatefee.
D.Cooperatewithyourclassmatestowinaprizeforyourclass.
8.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.LivingbytherulesB.Followingruleswithpunishments
C.ReachingacompromiseD.Callingforfairness
Kind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause‘‘everyone’swinner.’’Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositivethaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.’’
Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:
Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalentisgenetic—you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.
Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.
Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:
TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.
9.WhatdoesprofessorDweckthinkaboutthegenerationintheirthirtiesnow?
A.Theydidn’tdowellatschool.B.Theywereoftenmisunderstood.
C.Theywereeagertowininsports.D.Theyweregiventoomuchpraise.
10.Whatdoesafixedmind-setpersonprobablydo?
A.Hedoesn’twanttoworkhard.B.Hecaresalotaboutpersonalsafety.
C.Hedoesn’tsharehisideaswithothers.D.Hesucceedswiththehelpofteachers.
11.Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?
A.Admittingfailureisshameful.B.Talentcomeswithone’sbirth.
C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.
12.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy?
A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures.B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.
C.Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.
二、七选五
Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromourselvesorsomeoneelse.Thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.
Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.13..Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.14..
Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.15..Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.However,criticallanguagemaycauseangeranddefense.
16..Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Werememberunkindwordssaidtousaswell.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:
Isitloving?
Isitneeded?
Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.
Wordspossesspower:
bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.17..Thechoiceisours.
A.HowshouldIsayit?
B.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?
C.Generallypeoplelikepositiveandpleasantwor
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