考点8推理判断之细节判断题.docx
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考点8推理判断之细节判断题.docx
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考点8推理判断之细节判断题
考点8 推理判断之细节判断题
真题解密
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.
Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages(短缺).Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts(干旱)thanareaswithmorerainfall,butinanycase,goodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.
Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference,too.IntheUnitedStates,afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!
Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.
Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.Tostartwith,usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher(洗碗机)onlywhenitisfull.Helpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhome.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.(2013·安徽,B)
60.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?
A.Usingriverwater.
B.Throwingbatteriesaway.
C.Pavingparkinglots.
D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由第一段最后一句“Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.”可推知。
61.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
A.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.
B.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.
C.Thereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysize.
D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
由第三段最后一句“Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.”可推知。
62.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.
A.showushowtofixleaksathome
B.tellushowtorunadishwasher
C.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus
D.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。
由最后一段第一句可知。
63.Thetextismainlyabout________.
A.whypavingroadsreducesourwater
B.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
C.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimates
D.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。
A、B、C三项只涉及到部分内容,而D项则包括大部分内容。
技巧归纳
细节判断题属于深层理解题,要求根据语篇内容,推断具体细节。
做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,要忠实于原文,千万不能主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词:
infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),assume(假定,设想)和conclude(推断,做出结论)。
趁热打铁
Brrriiinnng.Thealarmclockannouncesthestartofanotherbusyweekdayinthemorning.Youjumpoutofbed,rushintotheshower,intoyourclothesandoutthedoorwithhardlyamomenttothink.Astressfuljourneytoworkgetsyourbloodpressureclimbing.Onceattheoffice,youglancethroughthenewspaperwithdepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters.Inthatsortofmood,whocangetdowntowork,particularlysomecreative,originalproblemsolvingwork?
Thewaymostofusspendourmorningsisexactlyoppositetotheconditionsthatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking.Imaginativeideasaremostlikelytocometouswhenwe’reunfocused.Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimecomesintheearlyeveningwhenyouarerelaxed.Sleepypeople’slackoffocusleadstoanincreaseincreativeproblemsolving.Bynotgivingyourselftimetotune_into_your_wandering_mind,you’remissingoutonthesurprisingsolutionsitmayoffer.
Thetripyoutaketoworkdoesn’thelp,either.Thestressslowsdownthespeedwithwhichsignalstravelbetweenneurons(神经细胞),makinginspirationslesslikelytooccur.Andwhileweallshouldreadalotaboutwhat’sgoingonintheworld,itwouldnotmakeyoufeelgoodforsure,soputthatnewswebsiteornewspaperasideuntilaftertheday’sworkisdone.
Sowhatwouldourmorningslooklikeifwewantedtostartthemwithafullcapacityforcreativeproblemsolving?
We’dsetthealarmafewminutesearlyandlieawakeinbed,followingourthoughtswheretheylead.We’dstandalittlelongerunderthewarmwateroftheshower,stoppingthinkingabouttasksinfavorofafewmoreminutesofrelaxation.We’dtakesomedeepbreathsonourwaytowork,insteadofcomplainingaboutheavytraffic.Andonceintheoffice—afterwegetacupofcoffee—we’dclickonlinksnottothenewsofthedaybuttothefunniestvideosthewebhastooffer.(2012·湖北,E)
67.Accordingtotheauthor,wearemorecreativewhenweare________.
A.focusedB.relaxed
C.awakeD.busy
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的一些词可以得出答案。
imaginative,inventive与creative是同义词。
而unfocused,relaxed,lackoffocus,wanderingmind这几个词都体现了relaxed的意思,所以选B项。
68.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?
A.Theyaresolutionproviders.
B.Theyareasourceofinspiration.
C.Theyarenormallyfullofbadnews.
D.Theyaremoreeducationalthanwebsites.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段倒数第二句“...thenewspaperwithdepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters(充满令人沮丧的故事和灾难报道的报纸).”可推知作者认为报纸上通常充满坏消息。
所以选C项。
69.By“tuneintoyourwanderingmind”(inPara.2),theauthormeans“________”.
A.wanderintothewild
B.listentoabeautifultune
C.switchtothetrafficchannel
D.stopconcentratingonanything
答案 D
解析 句意理解题。
第二段作者建议我们要放松精神,才能有创造性思维,所以也就是不要集中精力在某件事上。
故选D项。
70.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.
A.offerpracticalsuggestions
B.summarizepastexperiences
C.advocatediversewaysoflife
D.establisharoutineforthefuture
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。
最后一段第一句提出问题,然后提出了合理的建议以解决问题,从文章的句式“We’dset...We’dstand...We’dtake...Andonceinthe...”可总结出答案。
活页练(十八)活页练(十八)__多项选择+阅读理解+完成句子
Ⅰ.多项选择
1.Allthe________indicatesthathehasbeendeeplyinvolvedinthecrime.
A.evidenceB.fact
C.factorsD.cause
答案 A
解析 考查名词词义辨析。
句意为:
所有的迹象表明他已经深陷这次犯罪。
evidence迹象;fact事实;factors因素;cause原因。
根据句意选A项。
2.Inanaturaldisaster,minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethe________betweenlifeanddeath.
A.divisionB.difference
C.separationD.sense
答案 B
解析 makethedifferencebetween...and...在……和……之间有差别。
句意为:
发生自然灾害时,几分钟甚至几秒钟的提前警告,都能产生生死之别。
3.Everyoneshouldlearnsomethingaboutfirstaid,foreverysecondwill________inanemergency.
A.playB.count
C.happenD.show
答案 B
解析 句意为:
每个人都应该学点急救知识,因为在紧急情况下每一秒都很重要。
play玩;count起关键作用;happen发生;show展示。
4.Westudentsshould________ourselveswithknowledge,forthecompetitionnowadaysisveryfierce.
A.supplyB.equip
C.relateD.feed
答案 B
解析 本题考查equipsb.withsth.用某物武装/装备某人。
句意为:
我们学生应该用知识武装自己,因为现在竞争非常激烈。
5.Byplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls,onecan________alotoftheirlanguage.
A.pickupB.setup
C.buildupD.putup
答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。
句意为:
与本土的孩子们玩可以顺便学会许多他们的语言。
Pikup(偶然)获得,听到,学会,符合句意。
6.Shehatesallthistravel;shewantstogetmarriedand________.
A.settleinB.livedown
C.liveinD.settledown
答案 D
解析 考查动词短语的辨析。
settledown定居,为不及物动词短语;而A项是及物动词短语,其后应加宾语;B、C两项与语境不符,故选D。
7.Birthdayisa(n)________eventthatnearlyallchildrenarelookingforwardto.
A.dailyB.weekly
C.monthlyD.annual
答案 D
解析 annual每年的,符合句意。
8.TheladydressedinthelatestParisfashionis________inherappearancebutrudeinherspeech.
A.absurdB.elegant
C.politeD.impolite
答案 B
解析 句意为:
这位身着最新款巴黎时装的女士外表优雅,可言语粗俗。
inherappearance与inherspeech相对,elegant与rude相对。
9.Somepersondofirst,think________,andregretforever.
A.latelyB.before
C.afterwardsD.frequently
答案 C
解析 句意为:
一些人经常先做后想,接着就是永远的后悔。
afterwards后来,然后,符合题意。
lately近来,最近;before在……之前;frequently频繁地。
10.Mikeiskind,determinedandfullofenergy.________,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.
A.AsaresultB.Inaword
C.BythewayD.Onthecontrary
答案 B
解析 句意为:
麦克是一位善良,有决心并充满活力的人。
总之,我怎么表扬他都不过分。
inaword总之,符合句意。
asaresult结果;bytheway顺便说;onthecontrary相反。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Youwillgotocollegesomedayandcollegeisoneofthemostexcitingstagesofone’slife.Ifyouwishtomakethemostofyourcampus(校园)experienceandbecomeabetterpersonafterthosefouryears,thenfirstyououghttomakefriends.Closefriendscontributetoyourselfgrowthfortheyprovideyouwithmoralsupportthatissoimportanttosurvivethestressfulcollegelife.Friendscanlendahelpinghandwhennecessarylikecollectingyourhomeworkwhenyou’retoosicktoleaveyourdorm,andhelpyoudeveloptherightattitudebypointingouttoyouyourweaknesses.
Beinghomemostofyourlifeandthensuddenlyfindingyourselfonyourowninalargecampuswithoutyourparentstoholdyourhandcanbeannoying.However,ratherthanthinkingaboutyourmissinghometoomuch,whynotseethisnewstageinyourlifeasanopportunityforselfgrowthanddeveloptherightattitudethatwillprepareyoufortherigorsofpostgraduationlife,particularlywhenyoujointheworkforce?
Specialinterestclubsororganizationsaregreatforselfgrowth.Here,notonlydoyougettheopportunitytomeetwithlikemindedpeople,youcanalsodiscovermorethingsaboutyourfieldofinterest.Clubmeetingsusuallyincludelivelydiscussions,sogotherewiththerightattitude.Youshouldtrytobuildagoodnameintheorganizationbybeingrespectful,activeandconsideratetoothers.
Youmightnotlikeallofyourprofessors,buttheyaretheretoprovideknowledgeyouneedtobesuccessfulinyourchosenfield.Thus,showupforeachclasswiththerightattitudeanddeterminationtolearn.Whetheryougetalongwellwithyourprofessorsornothasahugeeffectonyourselfgrowthasitisameasureofhowwellyoucanrespectauthorityandobeyrequirements.
Activelyparticipatinginaclassdebate(辩论)orlecturecontributestoyourselfgrowthasithelpsyoubuildconfidenceinspeakingupandimprovesyourcommunicationskills.Italsohelpsyoudeveloptherightattitudebyexercisingdiplo
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