IAS 41 Agriculture.docx
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IAS 41 Agriculture.docx
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IAS41Agriculture
IAS41Agriculture
ThisStandardiseffectiveforfinancialstatementscoveringperiodsbeginningonorafter1January2003.
Introduction
1 IAS41prescribestheaccountingtreatment,financialstatementpresentation,anddisclosuresrelatedtoagriculturalactivity,amatternotcoveredinotherInternationalAccountingStandards.Agriculturalactivityisthemanagementbyanenterpriseofthebiologicaltransformationoflivinganimalsorplants(biologicalassets)forsale,intoagriculturalproduce,orintoadditionalbiologicalassets.
2 IAS41prescribes,amongotherthings,theaccountingtreatmentforbiologicalassetsduringtheperiodofgrowth,degeneration,production,andprocreation,andfortheinitialmeasurementofagriculturalproduceatthepointofharvest.Itrequiresmeasurementatfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsfrominitialrecognitionofbiologicalassetsuptothepointofharvest,otherthanwhenfairvaluecannotbemeasuredreliablyoninitialrecognition.However,IAS41doesnotdealwithprocessingofagriculturalproduceafterharvest;forexample,processinggrapesintowineandwoolintoyarn.
3 Thereisapresumptionthatfairvaluecanbemeasuredreliablyforabiologicalasset.However,thatpresumptioncanberebuttedonlyoninitialrecognitionforabiologicalassetforwhichmarket-determinedpricesorvaluesarenotavailableandforwhichalternativeestimatesoffairvaluearedeterminedtobeclearlyunreliable.Insuchacase,IAS41requiresanenterprisetomeasurethatbiologicalassetatitscostlessanyaccumulateddepreciationandanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses.Oncethefairvalueofsuchabiologicalassetbecomesreliablymeasurable,anenterpriseshouldmeasureitatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecosts.Inallcases,anenterpriseshouldmeasureagriculturalproduceatthepointofharvestatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecosts.
4 IAS41requiresthatachangeinfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsofabiologicalassetbeincludedinnetprofitorlossfortheperiodinwhichitarises.Inagriculturalactivity,achangeinphysicalattributesofalivinganimalorplantdirectlyenhancesordiminisheseconomicbenefitstotheenterprise.Underatransaction-based,historicalcostaccountingmodel,aplantationforestryenterprisemightreportnoincomeuntilfirstharvestandsale,perhaps30yearsafterplanting.Ontheotherhand,anaccountingmodelthatrecognisesandmeasuresbiologicalgrowthusingcurrentfairvaluesreportschangesinfairvaluethroughouttheperiodbetweenplantingandharvest.
5 IAS41doesnotestablishanynewprinciplesforlandrelatedtoagriculturalactivity.Instead,anenterprisefollowsIAS16,Property,PlantandEquipment,orIAS40,InvestmentProperty,dependingonwhichstandardisappropriateinthecircumstances.IAS16requireslandtobemeasuredeitheratitscostlessanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses,oratarevaluedamount.IAS40requireslandthatisinvestmentpropertytobemeasuredatitsfairvalue,orcostlessanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses.Biologicalassetsthatarephysicallyattachedtoland(forexample,treesinaplantationforest)aremeasuredattheirfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsseparatelyfromtheland.
6 IAS41requiresthatanunconditionalgovernmentgrantrelatedtoabiologicalassetmeasuredatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsberecognisedasincomewhen,andonlywhen,thegovernmentgrantbecomesreceivable.Ifagovernmentgrantisconditional,includingwhereagovernmentgrantrequiresanenterprisenottoengageinspecifiedagriculturalactivity,anenterpriseshouldrecognisethegovernmentgrantasincomewhen,andonlywhen,theconditionsattachingtothegovernmentgrantaremet.Ifagovernmentgrantrelatestoabiologicalassetmeasuredatitscostlessanyaccumulateddepreciationandanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses,IAS20,AccountingforGovernmentGrantsandDisclosureofGovernmentAssistance,isapplied.
7 IAS41iseffectiveforannualfinancialstatementscoveringperiodsbeginningonorafter1January2003.Earlierapplicationisencouraged.
8 IAS41doesnotestablishanyspecifictransitionalprovisions.TheadoptionofIAS41isaccountedforinaccordancewithIAS8,NetProfitorLossforthePeriod,FundamentalErrorsandChangesinAccountingPolicies.
9 AppendixAprovidesillustrativeexamplesoftheapplicationofIAS41.AppendixB,BasisforConclusions,summarisestheBoard'sreasonsforadoptingtherequirementssetoutinIAS41.
InternationalAccountingStandard41Agriculture(IAS41)issetoutinparagraphs1-59andAppendixA.AlltheparagraphshaveequalauthoritybutretaintheIASCformatoftheStandardwhenitwasadoptedbytheIASB.IAS41shouldbereadinthecontextofitsobjectiveandtheBasisforConclusions,thePrefacetoInternationalFinancialReportingStandardsandtheFrameworkforthePreparationandPresentationofFinancialStatements.Theseprovideabasisforselectingandapplyingaccountingpoliciesintheabsenceofexplicitguidance.
Objective
TheobjectiveofthisStandardistoprescribetheaccountingtreatment,financialstatementpresentation,anddisclosuresrelatedtoagriculturalactivity.
Scope
1.ThisStandardshouldbeappliedtoaccountforthefollowingwhentheyrelatetoagriculturalactivity:
(a)biologicalassets;
(b)agriculturalproduceatthepointofharvest;and
(c)governmentgrantscoveredbyparagraphs34-35.
2.ThisStandarddoesnotapplyto:
(a)landrelatedtoagriculturalactivity(seeIAS16,Property,PlantandEquipment,andIAS40,InvestmentProperty);and
(b)intangibleassetsrelatedtoagriculturalactivity(seeIAS38,IntangibleAssets).
3.ThisStandardisappliedtoagriculturalproduce,whichistheharvestedproductoftheenterprise'sbiologicalassets,onlyatthepointofharvest.Thereafter,IAS2,Inventories,oranotherapplicableInternationalAccountingStandardisapplied.Accordingly,thisStandarddoesnotdealwiththeprocessingofagriculturalproduceafterharvest;forexample,theprocessingofgrapesintowinebyavintnerwhohasgrownthegrapes.Whilesuchprocessingmaybealogicalandnaturalextensionofagriculturalactivity,andtheeventstakingplacemaybearsomesimilaritytobiologicaltransformation,suchprocessingisnotincludedwithinthedefinitionofagriculturalactivityinthisStandard.
4.Thetablebelowprovidesexamplesofbiologicalassets,agriculturalproduce,andproductsthataretheresultofprocessingafterharvest:
Biologicalassets
Agriculturalproduce
Productsthataretheresultofprocessingafterharvest
Sheep
Wool
Yarn,carpet
Treesinaplantationforest
Logs
Lumber
Plants
Cotton
Thread,clothing
Harvestedcane
Sugar
Dairycattle
Milk
Cheese
Pigs
Carcass
Sausages,curedhams
Bushes
Leaf
Tea,curedtobacco
Vines
Grapes
Wine
Fruittrees
Pickedfruit
Processedfruit
Definitions
Agriculture-RelatedDefinitions
5.ThefollowingtermsareusedinthisStandardwiththemeaningsspecified:
Agriculturalactivityisthemanagementbyanenterpriseofthebiologicaltransformationofbiologicalassetsforsale,intoagriculturalproduce,orintoadditionalbiologicalassets.
Agriculturalproduceistheharvestedproductoftheenterprise'sbiologicalassets.
Abiologicalassetisalivinganimalorplant.
Biologicaltransformationcomprisestheprocessesofgrowth,degeneration,production,andprocreationthatcausequalitativeorquantitativechangesinabiologicalasset.
Agroupofbiologicalassetsisanaggregationofsimilarlivinganimalsorplants.
Harvestisthedetachmentofproducefromabiologicalassetorthecessationofabiologicalasset'slifeprocesses.
6.Agriculturalactivitycoversadiverserangeofactivities;forexample,raisinglivestock,forestry,annualorperennialcropping,cultivatingorchardsandplantations,floriculture,andaquaculture(includingfishfarming).Certaincommonfeaturesexistwithinthisdiversity:
(a)Capabilitytochange.Livinganimalsandplantsarecapableofbiologicaltransformation;
(b)Managementofchange.Managementfacilitatesbiologicaltransformationbyenhancing,oratleaststabilising,conditionsnecessaryfortheprocesstotakeplace(forexample,nutrientlevels,moisture,temperature,fertility,andlight).Suchmanagementdistinguishesagriculturalactivityfromotheractivities.Forexample,harvestingfromunmanagedsources(suchasoceanfishinganddeforestation)isnotagriculturalactivity;and
(c)Measurementofchange.Thechangeinquality(forexample,geneticmerit,density,ripeness,fatcover,proteincontent,andfibrestrength)orquantity(forexample,progeny,weight,cubicmetres,fibrelengthordiameter,andnumberofbuds)broughtaboutbybiologicaltransformationismeasuredandmonitoredasaroutinemanagementfunction.
7.Biologicaltransformationresultsinthefollowingtypesofoutcomes:
(a)assetchangesthrough(i)growth(anincreaseinquantityorimprovementinqualityofananimalorplant);(ii)degeneration(adecreaseinthequantityordeteriorationinqualityofananimalorplant);or(iii)procreation(creationofadditionallivinganimalsorplants);or
(b)productionofagriculturalproducesuchaslatex,tealeaf,wool,andmilk.
GeneralDefinitions
8.ThefollowingtermsareusedinthisStandardwiththemeaningsspecified:
Anactivemarketisamarketwhereallthefollowingconditionsexist:
(a)theitemstradedwithinthemarketarehomogeneous;
(b)willingbuyersandsellerscannormallybefoundatanytime;and
(c)pricesareavailabletothepublic.
Carrying
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