Unit4 Period Three Grammar and usageRestrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs.docx
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Unit4 Period Three Grammar and usageRestrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs.docx
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Unit4PeriodThreeGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs
PeriodThree Grammarandusage—Restrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs
语法感知
感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题
1.Inasocietywherebeingthinisoftenseenasbeingbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdownquickly.
2.Itisnormalforteenagerstobeslightlyoverweightandthereisnoreasonwhytheyshouldbeworried.
关系副词引导定语从句时,在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
where作地点状语,如句1;why作原因状语,如句2。
语法精析
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。
常用的关系副词有where,when,why等。
1.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place,room,house,spot等),关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
常用inwhich,atwhich,onwhich等代替。
Theyareplayingintheparkwhere(=inwhich)therearesomeflowers.
他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。
Theofficewhere(=atwhich)thegirlworksisnotfarfromhere.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[温馨提示]
①有一些先行词,如point,stage,position,case,condition等,属于抽象的地点名词,如果定语从句中缺状语,需要接where引导的定语从句。
Youreachapointinyourprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.
从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界:
一心想完成它。
Wereachedastagewherewehadtoanswerviolencewithviolence.
我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。
②where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:
引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词;引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He’sgotintoasituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(定语从句)
他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机的控制的境地。
Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.(状语从句)
读这本书的时候,你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
2.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时,先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time,day,week,month,year等),关系副词在从句中作时间状语。
常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。
Thereusedtobeatimewhen(=duringwhich)Ihatedgoingtoschool.
我有一段时间不愿意去上学。
I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ileftforcollegewithmyfather.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
可用forwhich代替。
Canyouexplainthereasonwhy(=forwhich)youdon’thelphim?
你能解释一下为什么不帮助他的理由吗?
Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗?
[温馨提示]
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,也可用关系副词引导。
若先行词在定语从句中作状语时,应用关系副词;若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,则应用关系代词。
试比较:
Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?
(when在从句中作状语)
Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?
(that或which作spent的宾语)
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
(why作原因状语)
Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。
(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.DoyoustillrememberthedaywhenwejoinedtheParty?
2.ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslatefortheclass.
3.Thisistheoldhousewherehisfatherwasbornfiftyyearsago.
4.I’llrememberthedayonwhichIwasadmittedtothecollege.
5.Thepicturecalledupthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.
6.Mymottois“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
7.I’vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon’tcareaboutanythinganymore.
8.Anearthquaketookplaceintheyearwhenhewasborn.
9.Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotreasonable.
10.Hewillfindaplacethat/whichiscleanandsafefortheoldman.
Ⅱ.单句写作
11.他上班迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。
Thereasonwhyhewaslateforworkwasthathisbikewasbroken.
12.他开始创业的地方是一个狭窄的地下室。
Theplacewherehestartedhisbusinesswasanarrowbasement.
13.他们在那个鲜花盛开的季节结婚了。
Theygotmarriedintheseasonwhenflowerscameout.
14.那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。
Thegardenwhererosesareplantedisownedbymyuncle.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用关系副词引导的定语从句合并句子
1.Whatisthereason?
Yourefusedtoshakehandswithhimjustnow.
→Whatisthereasonwhyyourefusedtoshakehandswithhimjustnow?
2.Thestorewasbrokenintolastnight.
Mysisterworksinthestore.
→Thestorewheremysisterworkswasbrokenintolastnight.
3.Thereasonwasthathewasillyesterday.
Hedidnothandinhishomeworkforthatreason.
→Thereasonwhyhedidnothandinhishomeworkwasthathewasillyesterday.
4.LiuYangwillneverforgettheday.
Shewascarriedintospacebyspaceshiponthatday.
→LiuYangwillneverforgetthedaywhenshewascarriedintospacebyspaceship.
5.TheEnglishplaywasagreatsuccess.
ThestudentsactedinitattheNewYear’sparty.
→TheEnglishplaywherethestudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
Ⅱ.完成句子——用定语从句完成下列句子
6.Thereasonwhyhefellillisstillunclear.
他生病的原因仍然不清楚。
7.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethislongwordcanbeused?
你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗?
8.Theoldmandidn’tforgetthedayswhenhestayedinthecountryside.
老人没有忘记他生活在农村的那些日子。
9.The
saidthattherewasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.
这位专家说有一段时期这两国正在交战。
10.Theyoungbossiscreatinganatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.
这位年轻的老板在创造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
TheaverageAmericanchildspendsthreetofivehoursadaywatchingTV.In1961,theaveragechildbegantowatchtelevisionatagethree;however,todayitisninemonths.Yet,mostparentsthinkthattelevisionhasabadinfluenceontheirchildren.Forexample,intheearly1970s,myparentsbelievedthatmybadeyesightwastheresultofsittingtooclosetothescreen,andtheythereforemademystayatleastsixfeetfromit.Today,mostpeoplehavenosuchworry,butmanynewridiculous(荒谬的)
haveappeared:
*TVmakeskidsstupid.Manychildrenwatchmoreeducationalprogrammeswhentheyarepreschoolers.Whentheygrowup,theycanreadmorebooksandhavemuchbetterideastosolvedifficultproblemsthanotherchildren.
*TVmakeskidsviolent.Therealstoryisnotsosimple.HundredsofstudiesshowthatwatchingviolenceonTVmakeschildrenmoreaggressive(好斗的).Butastudyofover5,000childrenalsofindsthatsomepositiveprogrammesmakechildrenkinder.Theproblemisthatkidsareincreasinglywatchingshowswithviolenceinsteadofthosesuitablefortheirage.
*SittingaroundwatchingTVmakeskidsoverweight.Anexperimentfindsthatwhenchildrenwatchlesstelevision,theydoloseextraweight;however,reducingtheirtelevisiontimedoesnotmakethemmoreactive.Therealproblemliesinsnacking(吃小吃)—awidespreadhabitforkids,andjunkfoodadvertisements.
*TVhelpskidsgettosleep.Theoppositeistrue.Themoretelevisionchildrenwatch,themorelikelytheyaretohaveirregularsleepandnap(小睡)patterns.Allowingkidstowatchtelevisionispartoftheproblem,notthesolution.
语篇解读 电视真的会对孩子造成诸多不良影响吗?
本文作者罗列出人们对于电视对孩子的影响的误解,并一一作出解释说明。
1.WhichoneistheadvantageofeducationalTVprogrammes?
A.Theywillmakechildrensolvedifficultproblemsbetterthanothers.
B.Theywillimprovechildren’sabilitytogetalongwithothers.
C.Theyarelikelytomakechildrenmoreaggressive.
D.Theywillmakesureofchildren’ssuccessinthefuture.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段内容可知,看更多教育节目的孩子在长大后会比其他的孩子阅读更多的书,且在解决难题方面会有更好的主意。
故选A项。
2.WhyarechildrenspendingmuchtimewatchingTVlikelytobefat?
A.WatchingTVmakeschildrenlazyandinactive.
B.ChildrenareattractedbythefoodadvertisementsonTV.
C.WatchingTVdoesn’tburnupasmuchfatasdoingsports.
D.ChildrenliketosnackwhilewatchingTV.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“Therealproblemliesinsnacking(吃小吃)...”可知D项正确。
3.WhatinfluencedoeswatchingTVhaveonachild’ssleep?
A.ChildrenarelikelytosleepdeeperafterwatchingTV.
B.Children’ssleepingtimewillbegreatlyreduced.
C.Itwillmakechildrenformabadhabitofsleeping.
D.Itwillmakechildrensleepeasier.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Themoretelevisionchildrenwatch,themorelikelytheyaretohaveirregularsleepandnap(小睡)patterns.”可知C项正确。
4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?
A.Toincreasepeople’sknowledgeofwatchingTV.
B.TowarnparentsofthedisadvantagesofwatchingTV.
C.ToexplainthebadinfluencesthatwatchingTVhasonchildren.
D.Tocorrectparents’wrongideasoftelevision’s
onchildren.
答案 D
解析 写作意图题。
本文罗列出人们对于电视对孩子的影响的误解,并一一给出理由。
故选D项。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Weallknowthatsportsmayhelpusbecomestronger.Buttheir1gofarbeyondthis.Researchshowsthatsportsthat2aimingandhittingskills,forexample,tennis,badmintonandbaseball,helpchildrenincrease3.Theyhelpdevelopleadershipqualitiesand4teamspiritinkids.Theyinvolvecompetition.Playingsportsteachesthemtoaccept5withapositivespiritwhentheyloseagame.
Playingsportsdoesalotofgoodtothedevelopmentof6skills.Sportsteachyoutocommunicatewithpeopleandworktogetherasa7.Sportsimprovecollectivethinkingandhelpdevelopyourplanningandorganizationalskills,too.Sportsbuild8,sincewinningagamealwaysgivesyouasenseof
.
Playingsportsrequiresyoutostrategize(制定策略).Youneedtobevery9toscoregoalsorearnpoints.Youneedto10strategiestowin.Youneedtojudgeyourcompetitor’sstrategyandchangeyours11.Thiscertainlyinvolvescleverthinking,whichsportsencourage.Studiesshowthatkidswhoplaysports12dowellinschoolandcollege.
Playingsportsbringsyou13,whichproduceshappinessmolecules(分子)inyourbody,thusimprovingyourmentalhealth.Youcan’tbesad14playingsports.Sportsproduce15energyinyouandthepeoplearoundyou.
1.A.coursesB.benefits
C.challengesD.decisions
答案 B
解析 结合上一句可知,此处是指体育运动的“好处”不只是可以让我们变得更强壮。
2.A.addB.fit
C.lackD.involve
答案 D
解析 研究表明:
“涉及”瞄准和击球技巧的体育运动帮助孩子们增强注意力。
3.A.focusB.courage
C.weightD.
答案 A
解析 结合常识可知,要瞄准或是击球的时候需要集中“注意力”。
4.A.breakB.shake
C.raiseD.change
答案 C
解析 与develop相对应,提升领导能力的同时,还能“提高”团队精神。
5.A.explanationsB.punishments
C.congratulationsD.failures
答案 D
解析 体育运动可以教会人们在比赛“失败”的时候用积极的态度去对待。
6.A.musicalB.social
C.medicalD.technical
答案 B
解析 根据下一句中的“communicatewithpeopleandworktogether”可知,此处是指体育运动可以提高“社交”技能。
7.A.teamB.nation
C.classD.family
答案 A
解析 体育运动可以教会你如何与人交往,如何像一个“团队”一样共同工作。
8.A.friendshipB.judgment
C.confidenceD.enthusiasm
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