英语的时态和语态分析Word文档格式.docx
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英语的时态和语态分析Word文档格式.docx
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将来
过去将来
is/am/aredone
was/weredone
will/shallbedone
would/shouldbedone
Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
RomeoandJulietwaswrittenbyShakespeare.
Manybelievethatonedaytheearthwillbedestroyedifpeopledonotlearntoliveinpeace.
★进行时态:
be+being+过去分词
is/am/are
beingdone
was/were
will/shallbe
would/shouldbebeingdone
Hisplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully.
Thenewcurtainswerebeinghungwhenthevisitorsshowedup.
Thecarwillbebeingcleanedbymybrother.
★完成时态:
have+been+过去分词
have/hasbeendone
hadbeendone
will/shallhavebeendone
would/shouldhavebeendone
I’vebeenrobbed.
Theoutcomeoftheelectionwasannouncedbeforeallofthevoteshadbeencounted.
Everythingwillhavebeendonebytheendofthismonth.
【练一练】
1.(2010湖南)Thiscoastalarea_________anationalwildlifereservelastyear.
A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names
2.(2010全国1)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune____.
A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade
3.(2010上海)Thechurchtowerwhich_________willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.
A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestored
C.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored
4.(2010北京)InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_________.
A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped
5.(2010陕西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_________atpresentinthedisasterarea.
A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuilt
C.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
6.(2010福建)EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney–makingjobsthey_________beforetheyleavingtheirhometowns.
A.promisedB.werepromised
C.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised
7.(2010天津)TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting_________atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.
A.areexhibitingB.isexhibiting
C.arebeingexhibitingD.isbeingexhibiting
8.(2010四川)You’vefailedtodowhatyou_________toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.
A.willexpectB.willbeexpectedC.expectedD.wereexpected
Ⅱ.用法
1.要用到被动语态的情况
1)强调动作的承受者:
Frankwashitbyacar.
Anewideahasbeensuggested.
2)说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出:
Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.
Thehouseisbeingrepaired.
3)说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观,避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态:
此类通常为表示\"
据说\"
或\"
相信\"
的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成,如:
Itissaidthat…据说;
Itisreportedthat…据报道;
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信;
Itishopedthat… 大家希望;
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.
4)动作的执行者为物时,英语中常用被动表达:
Thewindowswerebrokenbystrongwindow.
5)习惯用法常以被动语态形式出现。
Iamdeterminedtotakemedicine.
2.被动语态特例:
①可以接双宾语动词的被动语态
eg.Hegavemeaprestentyesterday.
↣Iwasgivenaprestentbyhimyesterday./Aprestentwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.(也就是说间接宾语和直接宾语都可以作为被动结构中的主语。
)
②使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"
to"
:
eg.Ioftenmakehimcleantheblackboard.
→Heisoftenmadetocleantheblackboardbyme.
类似用法的词可以概括为:
五看三使(室),二听一感觉。
即
3.情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+过去分词:
Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
4.短语动词的被动语态:
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例如:
MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.
5.主动形式表被动意义
1)系动词look.Sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,wash(洗起来),seem…+adj./n.构成系表结构:
Thesteelfeelscold.
Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.
2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut等:
Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.
Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.
3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read,write,act,iron,cut,drive,sell,wash,clean等。
这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语:
Thiscoatdries/washes/ironseasily.
Thebooksellswell.
Thisnovelreadswell..
4)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build等:
Iwastoblamefortheaccident.
Muchworkremains.
5)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve+V-ing表示被动:
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
Thisbookisworthreading.
6)在“be+形容词+todo”中,当不定式的逻辑宾语是句子主语时,不定式常用主动表示被动。
eg.Thegirlisn'
teasytogetalongwith.
【练一练】翻译下列句子:
1、这道菜尝起来很香。
2、这门锁不上。
3、这刀子很好用。
4、你的头发该理了。
5、这个问题正在讨论之中。
6.不用被动语态的情况:
1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态。
Afterthefire,verylittleremain
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