高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类 2Word下载.docx
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高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类 2Word下载.docx
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(09·
浙江E篇)
FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn’tmuch—apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed–theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.
HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors
AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNA’spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing’sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule(分子).Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.
ButWilkinsandFranklin’srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.
WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”
AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”
No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.
57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.
B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.
C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.
D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.
58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.
A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim
C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists
59.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”?
A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.
B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.
C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.
D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.
60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?
A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.
答案57.B58.C59.D60.A
Passage2
重庆B篇)
HowtoBeaWinner
SirStevenRedgrave
Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals
“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer(职业生涯)wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'
tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”
KarenPickering
SwimmingWorldChampion
“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”
KirstenBest
Poet&
Writer
“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological(心理的)tool”
60.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?
A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.
B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.
C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.
D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.
61.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?
A.Her
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