第七节虚拟语气Word格式.docx
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第七节虚拟语气Word格式.docx
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表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况:
Ifshewere20yearsyounger,shewouldmarrythemillionaire.
IfhewenttoBeijingtoday,hewouldbuyyouanewbicycle.
H、虚拟语气将来时的句型是:
lf+主语+should或wereto)+动词原型+…主句:
表示对未来事实实现的可能性不大的虚拟语气,记住例句:
Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgivehimthedictionary
thatheneeds.
IfMr.Liweretodotheexperimentnextweek,hemightreadtheinstructionscarefully.
山、虚拟语气过去时的结构是:
lf+主语+过去完成式(haddone'
hadbeendone)…
主语+would(或should,could,might)+完成式…
表示对过去没有发生过的情况的假设:
Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheEnglishtest.
Ifshehadcomeearlieryesterday,shewouldhaveseenherson.
大部分学生对上述一般虚拟条件句型比较熟悉,而本单元强调的
是下述难点,学生应仔细理解,认真记住每一项的一两个例句
Ifhewereto(should)beelectednextyear,hewouldhavetoshow
thatheisloyaltothepeopleofhiscountry.
Iftheydidnotleaveatonce,theywouldn'
tbeabletocatchthetrain.
Ifthepolicemanhadarrivedearlier,hewouldhaveseenthe
accident.
二、含蓄条件句
有时,假设的情况不是用条件句来表示,而是用without,
intheabsenceof,butfor等引导的介词短语或butthat,but,or(els©
,otherwise等并列连词引导
的并列句或在上下文或对话的情景中隐含着某种假设的情况。
这时,应根据情况判断
虚拟语气是现在时、过去时还是将来时,进而决定采用哪种对应的
虚拟语气形式。
例如:
1.1wasinahurrythatday;
otherwiseIwouldhavestoppedto
talktoyou.(=lfIhadnotbeeninahurrythatday,Iwouldhave...)
2.Youcouldhaveavoidedmakingsuchamistake,butyoudidn'
t
takeheradvice.(=Ifyouhadtakenheradvice,youcouldhave...)
3.Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.(=Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,suchmistakes...)
4.Itwouldbewrongnottotakethisintoconsideration.
(Ifwedidnottakethisintoconsideration,itwouldbewrong.)
5.“IwashopingtoaskJohntoteachmetoplaytheguitar
beforeheleft.”'
msurehe'
dhavebeengladtoteachyou.”
(=Ifhehadnotleft,he'
dhavebeengladto...)
6.Butforhishelp/Withouthim,Ishouldhavefailed.
7.Butthatwehadanaccident,wemighthavecomeearlier.
8.Awiserfatherwouldneverneglecttheeducationofhischildren.
9.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,mancouldnotlivelong.
10.Butforhisselflesshelp,wewouldhavebeencapturedaliveyesterday.
试做下列选择题
1.thetruth,hewouldn'
thavelentheranymoney.
C.ShouldJackknowD.HadJackknown
2.Givenmoretimeandmoney,heitbetterthanwhatitis.
A.didB.haddone
C.couldhavedoneD.woulddo
3.Thiskindofworkishardanddangerous.Butyou
wouldbecomerich.
A.wouldyousucceedB.couldyousucceed
C.mightyousucceedD.shouldyousucceed
4.Anymaninhispositionlikethat.
A.havedoneB.wouldhavedone
C.wouldbedone
D.wouldbedoing
5.Heyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.
A.cangive
B.wouldhavegiven
C.couldnotgive
D.oughttogive6.IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastnightifI
tostayathome.
A.wasnotaskedB.hadnotbeenasked
C.shouldnotbeasked
D.werenotasked
正确答案:
1.D2.C3.D4.B5.B6.B
三、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气
在简要说明”中所讲的一般虚拟条件句,主句和条件状语从句
所表示的动作或状态都是发生在同一时间。
但有时,条件状语
从句和主句所表示的动作或状态发生在不同时间,这时,从句
和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
1.条件从句表过去,主句表现在
Iftheyhadleftyesterday,theywouldn'
tbewalkinginthe
rainnow.
IfIhadnotcaughtyouundertheladderwhenyoufelloffityesterday,youwouldnotbelaughingnow.
2.条件从句表过去,主句表将来
Ifwehadn'
tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'
tdare
tostartnextweek.
IfIhadnotvisitedthatcountrylastyear,Iwouldnotbe
abletogiveyouaspeechaboutthatcountrytomorrow.
3.条件从句表将来,主句表过去
IfIwerenottotaketheexaminationtomorrow,Iwouldhavegonetothetheatrewithyoulastnight.
ShouldInotflytheU.S.A.toattendthemeeting
tomorrow,Iwouldhaveaccompaniedmymotherto
hospitalthedaybeforeyesterday.
4.条件从句表将来,主句表现在
Ifweweren'
ttohaveameetingthisafternoon,Iwouldgototheconcertnow.
Shouldwenothavetoomuchworktodothisafternoon,
wewouldhelpyouwiththehouseworknow.
试做下列选择题:
1.Ifhehadn'
tgonethroughgoodtraining,hethe
machinenow.
A.
wouldnothaveoperated
B.couldoperate
C.couldnotoperated
D.couldnotoperate
2.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoor
peoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsof
thiscountrysoserious.
A.wouldn'
tbeB.willnothavebeen
C.wouldn'
thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen
3.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,heitnow.
C.wouldhavewatchedD.wouldhavebeenwatching
4.Theywouldstillbemissingatseaifapassingshipthem.
A.didnotspotB.wasnotspotting
C.hadnotspottedD.wouldnotspot
(正确答案:
1.D2.A3.B4.C)
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.动词wish的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉或遗憾,宾语从句的谓语
be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。
Iwishhewerehereno
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