Men and Women Different教学案Word文件下载.docx
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Men and Women Different教学案Word文件下载.docx
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那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
.人称的转变
(1)直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:
Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.
(2)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:
“youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→
myfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.
(3)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。
如:
Shesaidtoherson,“I'
llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”→
Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.
(4)人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:
Heaskedme,“willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?
”→
HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.
总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
2.时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时
现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时
现在完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时
例如:
“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.→
Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.
Tomsaid,“wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→
Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.
motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?
motheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.
Heaskedtheconductor,“whereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?
HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.
“whydidsherefusetogothere?
”theteacherasked.→
Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.
motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?
Tomsaid,“wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”→
Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.
Hesaid,“Ihaven'
theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”→
Hesaidthathehadn'
theardfromhisparentsthosedays.
3.直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:
Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”→Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.
(2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:
Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”→Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.
(3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.
(4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
Hesaid,“whenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”→
Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.
(5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:
ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→
ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
(6)当引语是谚语、格言时,如:
Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.
(7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如:
Thedoctorsaid,“you'
dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”→
ThedoctorsaidI'
dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.
Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”→Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.
Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”→
Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.
Theteachersaid,“youneedn'
thandinyourcompositionstoday.”→
Theteachersaidweneedn'
t/didn'
tneedto/didn'
thavetohandinourcompositions.
Sheasked,“mustItakethemedicine?
”→Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.
[注]:
此处用hadto代替must更好
(8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。
Teacher:
youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.
Student:
whatdidtheteachersay,monitor?
monitor:
Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.
4.时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
(1)时间状语:
直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语
nowthentomorrowthenext(following)day
todaythatdaynextweekthenext(following)week(month,year)
yesterday
thedaybeforetwodaysagotwodaysbefore
lastweek(month,year)theweek(month,year)beforethisweekthatweek(month,year)
(2)指示代词:
these变成those
(3)地点状语:
here变成there
Shesaid,“Iwon'
tcomehereanymore.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.
(4)动词:
come变成go,bring变成take
5.直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
(1)陈述句。
用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可用直接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat,如:
Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatwall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatwall.
Hesaid,“I'
llgiveyouanexaminationnextmonday.”→
Hetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextmonday.(不可说toldthat)
此外主句中的谓语还常有:
repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如:
Hesaid,“I'
mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”→Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。
Thedoctorsaid,“youarenotseriouslyill,youwillbebettersoon.”→
Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.
(2)直接引语为一般疑问句,(也称是否疑问句,)间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。
Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?
Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronun
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