高考阅读理解下不同体裁文章的阅读方法文档格式.docx
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高考阅读理解下不同体裁文章的阅读方法文档格式.docx
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因此,掌握不同体裁的文章的阅读方法有助于我们提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解。
下面分别谈谈记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文的阅读方法和技巧。
第一节记叙文的阅读方法
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。
简而言之,记叙文就是讲故事,包括人物或故事情节。
常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文:
文学记叙文以虚构为主,如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等;
说明记叙文以事实为依据,包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。
无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等,这也就是我们常说的“5Wsand1H”。
这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的,接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉,就能理解整个故事。
下面请阅读一篇记叙文,看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情节。
(05浙江卷A篇)
Compassionisadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction.Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrue.Iworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly.Theseoldpeopleareourmaincustomers,andit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness.ButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister(收款机)withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewasoutofcash(现金),hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday.
Icouldn’thelpstaringathim.Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway.Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld.ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjoB.
Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup.Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable.“Chargeittome,”wasallhesaiD.
WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither.ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.
解析:
故事采用顺叙的叙事方法,主要情节发展如下:
Oneagedgentlemanbeggedmetohavethefoodontrustandpromisedtorepaythenextday.----Itoldhimthestorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.----Anothermanwantedmetochargethefoodtohim.----Ipaidforthebiscuitsmyself.作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事,让人觉得亲切可信,同时也增强了文章的感染力。
作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion(同情),事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手,共建和谐社会。
抓住了故事的情节,了解了作者的写作意图。
再来做理解题,就容易多了。
请看看下面几道理解题:
41.Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits______.
A.promisedtoobeythestorerules
B.forgottotakeanymoneywithhim
C.hopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylater
D.couldnotaffordanythingmoreexpensive
42.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?
A.kindandluckyB.poorandlonely
C.friendlyandhelpfulD.hurtanddisappointed
43.Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause______.
A.hewantedtokeephispresentjob
B.hefeltnopityfortheoldgentleman
C.heconsideredtheoldmandishonest
D.heexpectedsomeoneelsetopayfortheoldman
44.Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?
A.Wealthismoreimportantthananythingelse.
B.Helpingothersiseasiersaidthandone.
C.Experienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.
D.Obeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.
(参考答案:
CBAB)
【实战演练练习十六】
(05天津卷C篇)
Thehousewasquietat5A.m.andTim’smotherwasasleep.Onlythesoundofthebigfreezerbrokethequiet.He’ddreamtofthecavelastnight?
Thepurring(轻微颤动声)ofthefreezerhadbeenthesea.
Timpulledonasweaterandputsomeapplesintohisschoolbag.Itwastooearlyforbreakfast.He’deatafterhe’dbeenthroughthecave,sittingontherocksandstaringattheseA.
Hewishedhehadaproperpack.Hisschoolbagwouldhavetodo.Whatelse?
Sandwiches—buthismothermightwakeupifhestartedpullingoutbreadforsandwiches,she’dwanttoknowwhyhehadtoleavesoearly.Hesettledforsomebiscuits,andleftanotestucktothetable.
GonetoMichael’sBacktonight.Tim.
Theskywashighandsoftandlightoutside,thoughthesunstillwasn’tup.Eventhehighwayupthehillwasquietashemadehiswaydownthestreet.Thewindfromtheseawasfreshandsweet.
Thesandhillsstillbreathedheatfromyesterday’ssun,thoughthetopofthesandwascool.Herandowntothebeachimpatiently,buttherewasnoone,justdrysanddancingintheearlywindandseabirdsmarchingupanddownwatchingthewaves.
Thelightchangedsuddenly.Thefirstraysofsunlightstretched(延伸)acrossthesea.ThesunwaspushingitswayovertheedgeoftheworlD.
Overthefirstrocks,alongtothepoint.Timglancedback.Thebeachwasstillempty.Thesunsailedhigherinthesky.
Hecouldseethecavenow,evendarkerinthemorninglight.Thesandturnedsilverthendarkgoldasthewaterflowedawayfromit.Hehadtoforcehimselftogocloser.Whywasitsomuchmoremysterious(神秘)now?
Butitwouldbesillytogobacknowaftersomuchtrouble.Heneedn’tgoinalltheway…
43.Whatdid
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