孙子兵法英文版Word格式.docx
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孙子兵法英文版Word格式.docx
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(1)TheMoralLaw;
(2)Heaven;
(3)Earth;
(4)TheCommander;
(5)Methodanddiscipline.
5,6.TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.
7.Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.
8.Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;
dangerandsecurity;
opengroundandnarrowpasses;
thechancesoflifeanddeath.9.TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.
10.Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.
11.Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:
hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;
hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.12.Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseeking
todeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:
--
13.
(1)WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?
(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?
(3)WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth?
(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?
(5)Whicharmyisstronger?
(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?
(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?
14.BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryor
defeat.
15.Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:
letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!
Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:
--letsuchaonebedismissed!
16.Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.
17.Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone'
splans.
18.Allwarfareisbasedondeception.
19.Hence,whenabletoattack,wemustseemunable;
whenusingourforces,wemustseeminactive;
whenwearenear,wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway;
whenfaraway,wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.
20.Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder,andcrushhim.21.Ifheissecureatallpoints,bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength,evadehim.
22.Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper,seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak,thathemaygrowarrogant.
23.Ifheistakinghisease,givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited,separatethem.
24.Attackhimwhereheisunprepared,appearwhereyouarenot
expected.
25.Thesemilitarydevices,leadingtovictory,mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.
26.Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistempleerethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory,andfewcalculationstodefeat:
howmuchmorenocalculationatall!
ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.II.WAGINGWAR
Intheoperationsofwar,wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots,asmanyheavychariots,andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers,withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli,theexpenditureathomeandatthefront,includingentertainmentofguests,smallitemssuchasglueandpaint,andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor,willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100,000men.
2.Whenyouengageinactualfighting,ifvictoryislongincoming,thenmen'
sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown,youwillexhaustyourstrength.
3.Again,ifthecampaignisprotracted,theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.
4.Now,whenyourweaponsaredulled,yourardordamped,yourstrength
exhaustedandyourtreasurespent,otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman,howeverwise,willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.
5.Thus,thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar,clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.
6.Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.
7.Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.8.Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy,neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.
9.Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome,butforageontheenemy.Thusthearmywillhavefoodenoughforitsneeds.
10.PovertyoftheStateexchequercausesanarmytobemaintainedbycontributionsfromadistance.Contributingtomaintainanarmyatadistancecausesthepeopletobeimpoverished.
11.Ontheotherhand,theproximityofanarmycausespricestogoup;
andhighpricescausethepeople'
ssubstancetobedrainedaway.12.Whentheirsubstanceisdrainedaway,thepeasantrywillbeafflictedbyheavyexactions.
13,14.Withthislossofsubstanceandexhaustionofstrength,thehomesofthepeoplewillbestrippedbare,andthree-tenthsoftheirincomewill
bedissipated;
whilegovernmentexpensesforbrokenchariots,worn-outhorses,breast-platesandhelmets,bowsandarrows,spearsandshields,protectivemantles,draught-oxenandheavywagons,willamounttofour-tenthsofitstotalrevenue.
15.Henceawisegeneralmakesapointofforagingontheenemy.Onecartloadoftheenemy'
sprovisionsisequivalenttotwentyofone'
sown,andlikewiseasinglepiculofhisprovenderisequivalenttotwentyfromone'
sownstore.
16.Nowinordertokilltheenemy,ourmenmustberousedtoanger;
thattheremaybeadvantagefromdefeatingtheenemy,theymusthavetheirrewards.
17.Thereforeinchariotfighting,whentenormorechariotshavebeentaken,thoseshouldberewardedwhotookthefirst.Ourownflagsshouldbesubstitutedforthoseoftheenemy,andthechariotsmingledandusedinconjunctionwithours.Thecapturedsoldiersshouldbekindlytreatedandkept.
18.Thisiscalled,usingtheconqueredfoetoaugmentone'
sownstrength.19.Inwar,then,letyourgreatobjectbevictory,notlengthycampaigns.20.Thusitmaybeknownthattheleaderofarmiesisthearbiterofthepeople'
sfate,themanonwhomitdependswhetherthenationshallbeinpeaceorinperil.
III.ATTACKBYSTRATAGEM
Inthepracticalartofwar,thebestthingofallistotaketheenemy'
scountrywholeandintact;
toshatteranddestroyitisnotsogood.So,too,itisbettertorecaptureanarmyentirethantodestroyit,tocapturearegiment,adetachmentoracompanyentirethantodestroythem.
2.Hencetofightandconquerinallyourbattlesisnotsupremeexcellence;
supremeexcellenceconsistsinbreakingtheenemy'
sresistancewithoutfighting.
3.Thusthehighestformofgeneralshipistobalktheenemy'
splans;
thenextbestistopreventthejunctionoftheenemy'
sforces;
thenextinorderistoattacktheenemy'
sarmyinthefield;
andtheworstpolicyofallistobesiegewalledcities.
4.Theruleis,nottobesiegewalledcitiesifitcanpossiblybeavoided.Thepreparationofmantlets,movableshelters,andvariousimplementsofwar,willtakeupthreewholemonths;
andthepilingupofmoundsoveragainstthewallswilltakethreemonthsmore.
5.Thegeneral,unabletocontrolhisirritation,willlaunchhismentotheassaultlikeswarmingants,withtheresultthatone-thirdofhismenareslain,whilethetownstillremainsuntaken.Sucharethedisastrouseffectsofasiege.
6.Thereforetheskillfulleadersubduestheenemy'
stroopswithoutany
fighting;
hecapturestheircitieswithoutlayingsiegetothem;
heoverthrowstheirkingdomwithoutlengthyoperationsinthefield.7.WithhisforcesintacthewilldisputethemasteryoftheEmpire,andthus,withoutlosingaman,histriumphwillbecomplete.Thisisthemethodofattackingbystratagem.
8.Itistheruleinwar,ifourforcesaretentotheenemy'
sone,tosurroundhim;
iffivetoone,toattackhim;
iftwiceasnumerous,todivideourarmyintotwo.
9.Ifequallymatched,wecanofferbattle;
ifslightlyinferiorinnumbers,wecanavoidtheenemy;
ifquiteunequalineveryway,wecanfleefromhim.
10.Hence,thoughanobstinatefightmaybemadebyasmallforce,intheenditmustbecapturedbythelargerforce.
11.NowthegeneralisthebulwarkoftheState;
ifthebulwarkiscompleteatallpoints;
theStatewillbestrong;
ifthebulwarkisdefective,theStatewillbeweak.
12.Therearethreewaysinwhicharulercanbringmisfortuneuponhisarmy:
13.
(1)Bycommandingthearmytoadvanceortoretreat,beingignorantofthefactthatitcannotobey.Thisiscalled
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