学年度深圳市高二英语上学期期末综合测试试题一Word文件下载.docx
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学年度深圳市高二英语上学期期末综合测试试题一Word文件下载.docx
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IhavefriendslivinginTelford,WolverhamptonandBirmingham.Somefriendshavemovedabroad.I’vealsogotsomewonderfulpalsinLondon,whereIlivenow.
But,unlikemanyofmypeers(同龄人),Idon’thaveonebiggroupIcanmeetinoneplaceatatime.Itmeansalargepartofmylifeisspentvisitingmyfriendsseparately.AndifIdon’tdoitright,itcanbebloodyexhausting.
Don’tgetmewrong.IwillalwaysmaketimeforthesevisitsandIneverregretthem.Theyaremyfriendsandwortheverypennyandeffort.Butlifeisbusy—youhavefriends,family,ajob,apartner,andpets.Eachrequirestheirowntimeslots(时间档)andindividuallevelsofattention.SoI’dbeabigliarifIdidn’tadmitI’vestriventogetthebalancerightovertheyears.
ToavoidwhatIcall“long-distancefriendshipburnout”,Itrytoarrangeoneweekendamonthtomeetafriend.Whenitcomestoplayingguestorhost,it’snicetotaketurns.
I’vehadweekendsinthepastwhereI’vetriedtoarrangemanyfriendvisitsinonetrip.Butthat’sexhausting.AndIdidn’tfeelpresentenoughformyfriendsasIwasthinkingaboutwhattimeIhadtoleavetoseethenextperson,sonowit’sallaboutonefriendatatime.
Obviouslyitmeansseeingthemlessoften,butatthesametimeIgettospendmoretimewiththemwhenIdo.
Long-distancefriendshipscanbetough.Buttheyarealsobeautifuland100%worthallthetrouble.
1.Whatistheauthor’strouble?
A.Shehasnofriendsinhercity.
B.Shecan’tgetintouchwithsomeofherfriends.
C.Sheistiredofkeepingcross-nationalfriendships.
D.Shehasmanyfriendslivingfarawayindifferentplaces.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“striven”inParagraph4mean?
A.Begged.B.Stopped.
C.Decided.D.Struggled.
3.What’stheadvantageoftheauthor’snewwaytomeetfriends?
A.Itmakesherfriendsmissherevenmore.
B.Itallowshertofocusononefriendatatime.
C.Ithelpssaveherfriendsalotoftravelexpenses.
D.Itletsherdiscoverthebeautyoflong-distancefriendship.
B
Memoriesarestrongerwhentheoriginalexperiencesareaccompaniedbyunpleasantsmells,ateamofresearchershasfound.ThestudybroadensourunderstandingofwhatcandrivePavlovianresponses(巴甫洛夫条件反射)andpointstohownegativeexperiencesinfluenceourabilitytorecallpastevents.“Theseresultsprovethatbadsmellscanleadtomemoryimprovementinbothadolescentsandadults,”explainsCatherineHartley,anassistantprofessorinNewYorkUniversity’sDepartmentofPsychology(心理学)andtheseniorauthorofthepaper,whichappearsinthejournalLearning&
Memory.
Theeffectofnegativeexperiencesonmemoryhaslongbeenshown—andisfamiliartous.Forexample,ifyouarebittenbyadog,youmaydevelopanegativememoryofthedogthatbityou.Becauseofthepainfulmemorysurroundingthebite,youarelikelytohaveastrongerimpressionofitthanyourotherpastexperienceswithdogs.
Inordertobetterunderstandhowlearnednegativeexperiencesinfluencememoryduringthisstageofdevelopment,theresearchersdesignedaPavlovianlearningtaskforindividualsaged13to25.Thetaskincludedtheviewingofaseriesofimagesbelongingtooneoftwokinds:
objectsandscenes.Asthestudy’sparticipantsviewedtheimages,theyworeamaskconnectedtoaspecialequipment.Whileparticipantsviewedimagesfromonekind,unpleasantsmellsweresometimessentthroughthepieceofequipmenttothemask;
whileviewingimagesfromtheotherkind,airwithnosmellwasused.Thisallowedtheresearcherstoexaminememoryforimagesconnectedwithabadsmellaswellasfordescriptionofrelatedimages.
Adaylater,researcherstestedtheparticipants,memoryfortheimages.Theirfindingsshowedthatbothadolescentsandadultsshowedbettermemoryforimagespairedwiththebadsmell24hoursaftertheysawtheseimages.Theyalsofoundthatsomeindividualshadlargerresponsesatthepointwhentheythoughttheywouldexperienceeitherabadsmellorcleanairwhileviewingtheimage,nomatterwhetherasmellwasactuallydelivered.Andthosepeoplewereprovedtohavebettermemory.Thissuggeststhatunpredictability(不可预测性)orsurprisewasconnectedwiththeoutcomeleadingtobettermemory.
4.Whathasastrongerinfluenceonourmemoryaccordingtothetext?
A.Painfulexperiences.
B.Aneasyjourney.
C.Warmweather.
D.Alovelytoy.
5.What'
sthefunctionoftheequipmentconnectedtothemaskintheresearch?
A.Tocollectdata.
B.Toshowimages.
C.Toprovidebadsmells.
D.Toprotecttheparticipants.
6.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Badsmellsleadtogoodmemories
B.Surprisesimprovepeople’smemories
C.Animportantlessononhumanmemories
D.Therelationshipbetweensmellsandmemories
C
Anewstudyhasfoundthatadaytimenap(小睡)takenonceortwiceaweekcouldlowertheriskofheartattacks.ThestudywasmadebyresearchersfromtheUniversityHospitalofLausanne,Switzerland.
Havingtracked3,462peoplebetweentheagesof35and75foroverfiveyears,theresearchersmadeaconclusion.Theyfoundthosewhotookoccasionalnappingwere48%lesslikelytosufferaheartattackorheartfailurethanthosewhodidnotnapatall.Occasionalnapsreferredtoshortsleepduringtheday,onceortwiceaweek,forbetweenfiveminutestoanhour.Andnosuchassociation(因果关系)appearedforgreaterrapingfrequencyordurationofnaps.
“Sleeppatternshavepreviouslybeenreportedtobeconnectedwithmanychronic(慢性的)diseases,”saidStephenMacMahon,anexpertatOxfordUniversity’sGeorgeInstituteforGlobalHealth,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Some,butnotalltheseassociationswillreflecttheeffectsofunderlyingdiseasesonsleepratherthantheeffectsofsleeppatternsonhealth.It’softendifficulttotellwhichiscauseandeffect.”
NaveedSattar,aprofessorofmetabolicmedicineattheUniversityofGlasgow,saidthestudywas“somewhatinteresting”.Heagreedthatthosewhonappedonceortwiceaweekhadhealthierororganizedlifestyles,andthatthosewhonappeddailyweremorelikelytobesick.
“Thismeanstheformerpatternofoccasionalnappingisarrangedonpurposeandthelatterpatternofregularnappingpossiblyrepresentshiddenillnesslinkedtopoorerlifestylelikestayinguplate.Andunhealthylifestylewillincreasetheriskofvariousdiseases,”Sattarsaid.
“Nappingonceortwiceperweekmayreducetheriskofheartdiseases,butthatdoesn’tmeanitcanreallyimprovehearthealth.So,nooneshouldtakeitforgrantedthatnappingisawaytokeeptheirheartshealthy,”headded.“Fornow,it’sfarbettertoaimforregulargoodnight’ssleepandtofollowthehealthadviser’sadviceongooddietsandproperphysicalactivitylevels.”
7.Howshouldwenaphealthilyaccordingtothisnewstudy?
A.Haveanapeveryotherday.
B.Nevertakeanapindaytime.
C.Alwaysnapatafixedtimeeveryafternoon.
D.Naponceortwiceaweekfor5—60minuteseach.
8.What’stherelationbetweensleepanddiseaseaccordingtoMacMahon?
A.Hiddendiseaseswillleadtobadsleep.
B.Abadsleephabitwillcausediseases.
C.Thetwomayhavenothingtodowitheachother.
D.Thecauseandeffectrelationbetweenthetwoisuncertain.
9.WhatdoesSattarintendtosayinParagraphs4and5?
A.HefullyagreestoMacMahon’sopinions.
B.One’snappatternmayreflectone’slifestyle.
C.Thenewstudyisinterestingbutunbelievable.
D.Nappingdailymightdecreasetheriskofillness.
10.WhatdoesSattarsuggestwedotokeepourheartshealthy?
①Learnmoreaboutresearchonhearthealth.
②Takeregulardaytimenappingseriously.
③Dotherightamountofexercise.
④Sleepwelleverynight.
⑤Keepahealthydiet.
A.①②③B.②③④
C.③④⑤D.①④⑤
第二节(共5小题;
每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Beingteenagersisn’teasy.11Luckily,teenagerswhowanttoberesponsiblecanfindhelpindifferentplaces.Beingaresponsibleteenagerisallaboutfindingwhoyouareandfollowingsomesimplerules.Herearesometipsforyou.
Focusonyourschoolwork.Nomatterhowsmartyouare,excelling(出类拔萃)atschoolmeansbeingthebestthatyoucanbe.Schoolcanmeanalotofeffort,butthatwillallpayoffintheendwithjobs,education,andperspective(洞察力).12
Getapart-timejob.13Butwhatkindofpart-timejobyoudoislessimportantthantheattitudeyoubringwithyou.Workingapart-timejobwhileyou’reinschoolcanteachyoualotaboutresponsibilityandtimemanagement.However,it’simportanttobalanceyourschoolandworksothatyourgradesdonotsuffer.
14Believeitornot,yourparentswerealsokids,onceuponatime,sotheyknowwhatyouaregoingthrough.Beinghonestwithyourparentswillletthemknowaboutyourfeelingsandyourrealsituation,whichwillhelpyoucommunicatebetteranddobetterinyourwork.
Treatothersinthewaythatyouwanttobetreated.Empathy(同情)isputtingyourselfinotherpeople’sshoes.Empathyistheoppositeofselfishness.15Sohelpothersifpossible.Helpingothersdoesn’tjustmeangivingthemsomething.Itcanmeanlendingahand,orlistening,offeringadvice.
A.Bearesponsibleteenager.
B.Behonestwithyourparents.
C.Youmaynotwanttomakeburgersorworkinastore.
D.Inthiscase,youshouldfinishyourschoolwork,evenifyoudon’tlikeit.
E.Beingresponsiblemeansknowingwhat’sa
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