考研英语一真题及答案Word文档格式.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案Word文档格式.docx
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[B]unlike
[C]excluding
[D]besides
3.[A]limited
[B]committed
[C]dedicated
[D]confined
4.[A]catching
[B]ignoring
[C]missing
[D]tracking
5.[A]anyway
[B]though
[C]instead
[D]therefore
6.[A]evenif
[B]ifonly
[C]onlyif
[D]asif
7.[A]distinguishing
[B]discovering
[C]determining
[D]detecting
8.[A]diluted
[B]dissolved
[C]dispersed
[D]diffused
9.[A]when
[B]since
[C]for
[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual
[B]particular
[C]unique
[D]typical
11.[A]signs
[B]stimuli
[C]messages
[D]impulses
12.[A]atfirst
[B]atall
[C]atlarge
[D]attimes
13.[A]subjected
[B]left
[C]drawn
[D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective
[B]incompetent
[C]inefficient
[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce
[B]summon
[C]trigger
[D]create
16.[A]still
[B]also
[C]otherwise
[D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure
[B]sick
[C]aware
[D]tired
18.[A]tolerate
[B]repel
[C]neglect
[D]notice
19.[A]available
[B]reliable
[C]identifiable
[D]suitable
20.[A]similarto
[B]suchas
[C]alongwith
[D]asidefrom
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)
Text1
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.
SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________________________.
[A]posingacontrast
[B]justifyinganassumption
[C]makingacomparison
[D]explainingaphenomenon
22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat________________________.
[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals
[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature
[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother
[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________________________.
[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget
[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions
[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament
[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________________________.
[A]prefergrapestocucumbers
[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings
[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated
[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
Text2
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?
Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?
Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?
LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:
“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:
bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch--aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________________________.
[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath
[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant
[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife
[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense
27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas__
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