广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题2.docx
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广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题2.docx
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广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题2
广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题
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Lastnight’smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.
“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”
Astronomers---scientistswhostudystarsandplanets---havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.
Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”
Countlessmoreanimalscasualties(伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.
EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.
【文章大意】许多人想在晚上看流星雨,结果由于光线太亮,影响了他们的观看效果。
由此引发了人们对光污染的思考。
本文是一篇议论文,文章由一个事例引发出要讨论的话题。
36.Ithappenedlastnightthat.
A.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticed
C.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialoutingD.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeople
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。
第一段的最后一句话askysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead表明答案为A。
37.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?
A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.
B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.
C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.
D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
题干中的Astronomers出现在第三段,文中有一句话havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades,第一段就提到了光线太亮,这句话的后面又提到了lightpollution。
结合选项,答案为C。
38.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?
A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.
B.Animal’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.
C.Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.
D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。
第四段第一句话就告诉我们除了专业及业余的观星者之外,还有些群体也收到了光污染的影响。
而这些群体指的就是birds、bats等动物。
D项的意思是“动物的生存受到户外灯光的影响”。
故选D。
39.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto__________.
A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationcondition
C.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
题干中的信息告诉我们答案应该出现在最后一段,根据“inordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory”,答案显然为B。
40.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?
A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves
B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy
C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly
D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
文中作者反复强调光污染问题对人类的一些活动和动物的影响。
这显然是强调环境问题。
故选C。
介绍说明类------35
Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:
Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
2.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby .
A.presentingresearchfindings
B.settingdowngeneralrules
C.makingacomparison
D.usingexamples
3.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis .
A.aresultofoverlearning
B.aspecialcaseofcramming
C.askilltodealwithmathproblems
D.abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies
4.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononcramming?
A.Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.
B.It’shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.
C.It’spossibletoresultinpoormemory.
D.Itincreasesstudents’learninginterest.
【参考答案】35.ADAB
较难题目特训:
介绍说明类-----36
Humpbackwhales
Humpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback”,whichisthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.
Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodynotofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.
Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopofhead.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.
Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,anduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:
notwoarethesame.
Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex“songs”.
QuickFacts
Size:
14m—18minlength;
30—50tonsinweight
Living
environment:
Openoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters
Migration:
Fromwarmtropical(热带的)waters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,wheretheyeat
Diet:
Shellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsize
Hunting:
Sometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewater,blowingbubblesthatforma“net”aroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.
Current
state:
Endangered:
itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000—7500humpbackwhalesworldwide.
1.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale .
A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshore
B.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetime
C.livesmainlyonunderwaterplants
D.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfood
2.Tomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust .
A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewater
B.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh
C.blowtwostreamsofwater
D.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks
3.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale .
A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukes
B.hasblackandwhitefingerprints
C.getsitsnamefromthewayithunts
D.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs
【参考答案】36.1-3BAA
阅读理解---------
Untilthetwentiethcenturycigaretteswerenotanimportantthreattopublichealth.Menusedtobaccomainlyintheformofcigars.Theychewedtobacco,pipedtobacco,andsnuffed.Mostwomendidnotusetobaccoatall.
Thecigaretteindustrybeganin1870swiththedevelopmentofthecigarettemanufacturingmachine.Thismadeitpossibletoproducegreatnumbersofcigarettesveryquickly,anditreducedtheprice.
Todaycigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmenandthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavequitsmoking.Seventy-fivepercentofthemalepopulationandforty-sixpercentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesforsometimeduringtheirlives,buttwenty-sixpercentofthesemenandelevenpercentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.
Menasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersistheagegroup24---44.
Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabit.Citypeople
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