英检初级写作English Writing.docx
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英检初级写作English Writing.docx
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英检初级写作EnglishWriting
英檢初級寫作(EnglishWriting)
前言:
英文翻譯要寫得好,必需多練習句型
英文作文要寫得好,必需先學會翻譯
英文寫作的步驟:
1.先從主題判斷時態
●敘述現在或平常的事,用「現在簡單式」
EX:
MyDayatSchool
EX:
MyFavoriteSports
●敘述過去的事實或經驗,用「過去簡單式」
EX:
AnUnforgettableExperience
EX:
MyCollegeLife
●敘述未來的願望、希望等等,用「未來式」
2.利用brainstorming去思考這題目
●構思(gettingidea,brainstorming):
分為「叢集式clustering」,「網式web」及「圖表式chart」,最常用的為叢集式
●把所有想到的字都寫下來,不用考慮他們的關係,在用clustering,chart,web等方式去過濾、篩選,而擬出大綱(outline)
EX:
以「叢集式clustering」為例,若題目為【MyChildhoodPlaces】,作者就可想出以下的地方:
Playground,school,classroom,home,bedroom,kitchen,refrigerator,park,livingroom,TV,cinema…等等
之後,再把同一類或相似idea連串起來,便可得出一些大地方(EX:
School,Home,Park…),作為主旨,在把其他的idea歸在不同的主旨下,來支持主旨
3.根據大綱,完成寫作,但必需要用適當的連接詞把句子串起來,也要用合適的連接詞把段落連起來,達到合乎邏輯,且組織嚴謹而不鬆散【請参考作文常用連接詞及副詞】
作文前必須有大綱(outline)
●大綱(outline)必須包括主題的要點,以便寫作時,有個明確的目標,組織才會嚴謹有連貫性,而不會想到什麼就寫什麼,使得文章雜亂無章,
大綱指導:
【參考寫作範例1】
●首先,可透過Wh-疑問詞來做brainstorming或是ideagetting,以開始做思考的動作(What,why,where,when,how,who…),來進行思考,以產生想法
●再用clustering,web,chart來串聯出每段的主題,將一樣的idea組合在一起,形成一個主題可發揮的論點
●單一段落的文章架構(適用GETP初級寫作):
主題句只有一個,而支持的論點有2~3個,並有個結語【為多段落架構的縮小版】
I.Atopicsentence
II.Asupportingidea
III.Anothersupportingidea
IV.Anothersupportingidea
V.Conclusion
所以作文基本可分三部份,「開頭Introduction」,「主體Body」,「結尾Conclusion」
●開頭Introduction:
開門見山法,將讀者帶入主題
EX:
Joggingisgoodforhealth.
●主體Body:
內容最豐富的部份,也就是說要把文章發展到極致;必需透過不同的連接詞與副詞來承接
EX:
1.Tohelpusloseweight
EX:
2.Tostrengthenourmuscles
EX:
3.Toreleasethebadsubstancesinourbodies
●結尾Conclusion:
文章在此作個結束,通常用不同的句子結構來陳述文章的主題(換句話說),甚至可說出未來的期待
如何開啟文章:
1.直接了當的把本身寫作的用意表達出來(破題),直接告訴讀者你的文章要說什麼,中心思想是什麼(thesisstatement)
EX:
Anonlookerdiffersfromatrueobserverofart.Whatanonlookerdoesisnothingbutwalkbyaworkofart.Althoughheseemstolookatitwithattention,yethismindisreallyelsewhere.
如何結束文章(Conclusion)
1.將你的論點或關念作一個摘要陳述或總結:
將之前所說過的話作一番整理
段落寫作第十講
配合課本英檢一路通(第二冊)寫作測驗第一回(P.3)
題目:
請用大約50字描述下圖海邊的活動
Prewritingthinking:
●Youshoulddefinewhattenseyouwanttouse.Youcanuseeitherthepresentcontinuoustenseorthepast(continuous)tensethroughouttheentirewriting
●Identifyeachactivity
●Youcanalsodescribethebackgroundinthepicture(suchastheweather,ocean,…)
●Youshouldusepropertransitionstoconnecteachactivity
Neededvocabulary:
beach,playvolleyball,sunbathe,playwithsand,oceanwave,palmtree,swim,haveagoodtime,havefun,sunisshining,relax,buildacastle,chaseeachother
Sampleoutline:
Introduction:
1.Givebackgroundinformation
Body:
1.Describeeachactivity
Conclusion:
1.Describehowyoufeel
Teacher’ssampleanswer:
Itisawonderfuldaytodayandthesunisshining.Therearealotofpeopleatthebeach,andtheyaredoingdifferentactivities.Iamswimmingintheoceanandthewavesaresobig.Aboyissunbathingunderapalmtreeandhelookssorelaxed.Moreover,twoboysareplayingvolleyballandalittleboyisaplayingwithsand.Thelittleboyistryingtobuildacastleanditissointeresting.Also,onefatherandhissonarechasingeachother.Everyoneisveryrelaxedandhavingagoodtimeatthebeach.
Reasonstoallowdrinkingatwork
Thebelowarevalidreasonsastowhydrinkingshouldbeallowedatwork.Ifyouusethemwisely,youmayevenbeabletoconvinceyourbossintoallowingalcohol.
1.It'sanincentivetoshowup.
2.Itreducesstress.
3.Itleadstomorehonestcommunications.
4.Itreducescomplaintsaboutlowpay.
5.Itcutsdownontimeoffbecauseyoucanworkwithahangover.
6.Employeestellmanagementwhattheythink,notwhatmanagementwantstohear.
7.Ithelpssaveonheatingcostsinthewinter.
8.Itencouragescarpooling.
9.Increasesjobsatisfactionbecauseifyouhaveabadjobyoudon'tcare.
10.Iteliminatesvacationsbecausepeoplewouldrathercometowork.
11.Itmakesfellowemployeeslookbetter.
12.Itmakesthecafeteriafoodtastebetter.
13.Bossesaremorelikelytohandoutraiseswhentheyarewasted.
14.Salarynegotiationsarealotmoreprofitable.
15.Ifsomeonedoessomethingstupidonthejob,itwillbequicklyforgotten.
Youwouldopenthedoor.
Wouldyoumind?
(mind+動名詞)
.
mind表「介意」的用法
Doyoumindif+S+現在式V(you介不介意S做…)
EX:
DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?
(do是現在式,故用open)
●上列的if子句亦可變動名詞(為名詞的功能),作mind的受詞,步驟如下:
1.刪除if
2.之後的動詞變成所有格(I-my,you-your,he-his,she-her)
3.動詞變動名詞(EX:
IfI+V=my+V-ing)
EX:
IfIopen=myopening
EX:
IfIsmoke=mysmoking
EX:
IfIsitnexttoyou=mysittingnexttoyou
Wouldyoumindif+S+過去式V(you介不介意S做…)
EX:
WouldyoumindifIopenedthedoor?
(would是過去式,故用opened)
●改為動名詞的方法與上述相同
EX:
WouldyoumindifIopenedthedoor?
=Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?
Doyoumind+V-ing(you介不介意you做…)
●若後直接加動名詞,而沒有所有格的話,則表示(you介不介意you做…)
EX:
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
EX:
Doyoumindbringingmeaglassofwater?
*比較:
EX:
WouldyoumindifImakeaphonecalltoPeter?
EX:
WouldyoumindmakingaphonecalltoPeter?
EX:
DoyoumindifIturnontheairconditioning?
EX:
Doyoumindturningontheairconditioning?
翻譯:
1.我把杯子放在這兒你不介意吧?
2.請把電視轉到音樂頻道好嗎?
(switch,musicchannel)
3.她不會介意照料我們的狗的
I.
won’t/helpme/you/doit/unless
unless的用法
●Unless是從屬連接詞,引導副詞子句,表「除非~否則~」,通常作條件句,表示未來時態時,從屬子句須用現在簡單式,被修飾的主要子句則用未來式,不可與or連用
UnlessS+V…,S+V(除非…否則~)
=S+VunlessS+V
EX:
Iwillnotgounlessyougowithme.
EX:
Unlessyoustudyharder,youwillnotsucceed.
●If,when,once,aslongas…等亦可引導條件句,亦採相同構句
EX:
If/When/Once/AslongasIhavemoney,Iwillbuyacar.
●Unless=if…not
EX:
Unlessyoustudyhard,youwillfailtheexam.
=Ifyoudonotstudyhard,youwillfailtheexam.
EX:
Unlessitrainshard,Iwillnotstayathome.
=Ifitdoesnotrainhard,Iwillnotstayathome.
Youwillbelateforschool.
Youmusthurryup.
Youwillmissyourflight.
Youhavetotakeacab.
翻譯:
1.除非你小心,否則你將犯錯(makemistakes)
2.除非你守法,否則你會被處罰(obeylaws,punish)
3.除非你少吃一點,否則你無法減肥(loseweight)
Everyonehashisowndream,buttomakeit1.___isnoteasy.Let'stakePeterforexample.Hewantedtobeabossbuthecamefromapoorfamily.So,afterhe2.______juniorhighschool,hedidn'tgotoseniorhighschool.3._____,hebecameafactoryworker.Althoughhewasafactoryworker,heworkedhardandusedeveryminutetolearnnewthings.Afterworkinghardforfifteenyears,he4.____becamethebossofafactory.Itistruethathardwork5.___successandPeterisagoodexample.
()1.A.tocometrueB.cometrueC.comingtrueD.cametrue
()2.A.graduatedfromB.camefromC.returnedtoD.returnedfrom
()3.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.EspeciallyD.Also
()4.A.realB.certainC.finallyD.suddenly
()5.A.takesB.growsC.needsD.brings
BABCD
Catsanddogshavedifferentways1.___showingtheirfeelings.Ifadogbarks,youknowsomeoneis2.___thedoorofyourhouse.Butcatsneverdothat.Althoughbothofthemwagtheirtails,itmeansdifferentfeelings.Ifadogwagsitstail,youknowit's3.___.However,whenacatwagsitstail,itisangry.Dogsalso4._____theirowners.Itisawaydogsshowtheirlove5.____theirowner.Butnotforcats.Ifcatslickyourhand,theyjustwanttoeatthesaltonthehand.Nothingmore.Toshowtheyloveyou,theymaysitonyourlap.
()l.A.ofB.forC.asD.on
()2.A.atB.inC.onD.to
()3.A.angryB.happyC.sadD.tired
()4.A.barkB.biteC.eatD.lick
()5.A.ofB.onC.withD.for
AABDD
Inmanycities,townsandvillagesthroughoutTaiwan,youcanphonethesamenumberforpolice,fire,andambulanceservice.Usuallythatnumberis119.Incidentally,inmostplacesinNorthAmerica,thefreeemergencyphonenumberis911,thereverseorderof119.IthasbeensaidthattheterroristswhoplannedthehorribleattacksintheUnitedStatesonSeptember11,2001hadthenumber911inmind.Ononehand,thisparticularnumbermeansacallforhelpinanemergency.Ontheotherhand,thisnumberalsorepresentsthedateoftheterroristattacks:
theeleventhdayoftheninthmonth.911isanumberthattheworldwilllikelyneverforget.Whetheryouuse119or911tophoneforhelpinanemergency,protectthenumberfromabuseanduseitonlyinarealemergency.
()l.Whatisimportantaboutthenumbers119and911?
A.Theyareimportantdatesinhistory.
B.Theyareemergencyphonenumbers.
C.Theyaretwosetsofthreenumbers.
D.Theyareexactlythesamenumberbutinthereverseorder.
()2.Whereisthe911numberavailable?
A.IntheUnitedStates.
B.InmostplacesthroughoutNorthAmerica.
C.InCanadaandMexico.
D.Invillages,towns,andcitiesinTaiwan.
()3.WhoseideawasittocarryoutterroristattacksontheUnitedStateson911?
A.Anambulanceservice.B.Thepolice.
C.Anemergencyphonecall.D.Theterrorists.
()4.Whatdatedoes911represent?
A.AnemergencynumberinTaiwan.
B.Theninthdayoftheeleventhmonth.
C.AnemergencynumberinNorthAmerica.
D.Theeleventhdayoftheninthmonth.
()5.Howshouldweacttowardtheuseof911and119phonenumbers?
A.Usethenumbersinreverseorder.
B.Usethenumberzeroinstead.
C.Usethemonlyinarealemergency.
D.UsetheminTaiwanandNorthAmerica.
BBDDC
AliceaskedCynthiahowshelikedschoolandtheteachers.Shewantedto
knowwhatCynthiathoughtoftheboysintheirclass.TalkingtoAlicemadeCynthiafeelveryhappy.Shebegantothinkthatmaybeshehadfinallyfoundafriend.Laterathome,CynthiathoughtaboutAlice."Sheisn'tpretty,"Cynthiathought."Butshe'sgotareallygoodpersonality.Shemakesyouwanttotal
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