14StepbyStep Guide for Services for NFS in Windows Server.docx
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14StepbyStep Guide for Services for NFS in Windows Server.docx
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14StepbyStepGuideforServicesforNFSinWindowsServer
ServicesforNFSStep-by-StepGuideforWindowsServer2008
MicrosoftCorporation
Published:
May2008
Abstract
ServicesforNetworkFileSystem(NFS)providesafile-sharingsolutionforenterprisesthathaveamixedWindowsandUNIXenvironment.ServicesforNFSenablesuserstotransferfilesbetweencomputersrunningtheWindows Server® 2008operatingsystemandUNIX-basedcomputersusingtheNFSprotocol.
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Contents
ServicesforNFSStep-by-StepGuideforWindowsServer2008
WhatisServicesforNFS?
ServicesforNetworkFileSystem(NFS)providesafile-sharingsolutionforenterprisesthathaveamixedWindowsandUNIXenvironment.ServicesforNFSenablesuserstotransferfilesbetweencomputersrunningtheWindows Server® 2008operatingsystemandUNIX-basedcomputersusingtheNFSprotocol.
What'snewinServicesforNFS
ServicesforNFSincludesthefollowingimprovements:
∙ActiveDirectoryLookup.TheIdentityManagementforUNIXActiveDirectoryschemaextensionincludesUNIXuseridentifier(UID)andgroupidentifier(GID)fields.ThisenablesServerforNFSandClientforNFStolookupWindows-to-UNIXuseraccountmappingsdirectlyfromActiveDirectoryDomainServices.IdentityManagementforUNIXsimplifiesWindows-to-UNIXuseraccountmappingmanagementinActiveDirectoryDomainServices.
∙64-bitsupport.ServicesforNFScomponentscanbeinstalledonalleditionsofWindowsServer 2008,including64-biteditions.
∙Enhancedserverperformance.ServicesforNFSincludesafilefilterdriver,whichsignificantlyreducescommonserverfileaccesslatencies.
∙Unixspecialdevicesupport.ServicesforNFSsupportsUNIXspecialdevices(mknod).
∙EnhancedUnixsupport.ServicesforNFSsupportsthefollowingversionsofUNIX:
SunMicrosystemsSolarisversion9,RedHatLinuxversion9,IBMAIXversion5L5.2,andHewlettPackardHP-UXversion11i.
TostreamlineandsimplifyServicesforNFS,thefollowingfeatureswereremovedfromthisrelease:
∙GatewayforNFS
∙ServerforPCNFS
∙AllPCNFScomponentsofClientforNFS
∙UserNameMapping
Note
UserNameMappinghaschanged—serverfunctionalitynolongerexists,butclientfunctionalityispresent.ServicesforNFScanstillretrievemappingsfromexistinglegacyUserNameMappingservers.
ServicesforNFSusagescenarios
ServicesforNFSenablesyoutosupportamixedenvironmentofWindows-basedandUNIX-basedoperatingsystems.WithServicesforNFS,youcanalsoupdateyourcompany'scomputerswhilesupportingoldertechnologyduringthetransitionphase.ThefollowingscenariosareexamplesofhowenterprisescanbenefitfromdeployingServicesforNFS.
∙EnableUNIX-basedclientcomputerstoaccessresourcesoncomputersrunningWindowsServer 2008.YourcompanymayhaveUNIXclientsaccessingresources,suchasfiles,onUNIXfileservers.TotakeadvantageofnewfeaturesinWindowsServer 2008suchasShadowCopiesforSharedFolders,youcanmoveresourcesfromyourUNIXserverstocomputersrunningWindowsServer 2008.YoucanthensetupServicesforNFStoenableUNIXclientsthatarerunningNFSsoftwaretoaccessthesecomputers.AllofyourUNIXclientswillbeabletoaccessresourcesusingtheNFSprotocolwithoutadditionalconfiguration.
∙EnablecomputersrunningWindowsServer 2008toaccessresourcesonUNIXfileservers.YourcompanymayhaveamixedWindowsandUNIXenvironmentwithresources,suchasfiles,storedonUNIXfileservers.YoucanuseServicesforNFStoenablecomputersrunningWindowsServer 2008toaccesstheseresourceswhenthefileserversarerunningNFSsoftware.
∙Takeadvantageofnew64-bithardware.YoucanrunServicesforNFScomponentson64-biteditionsofWindowsServer 2008.
ServicesforNFScomponents
ServicesforNFSincludesthefollowingcomponents:
∙ServerforNFS.Normally,aUNIX-basedcomputercannotaccessfilesonaWindows-basedcomputer.AcomputerrunningWindowsServer 2008andServerforNFS,however,canactasafileserverforbothWindows-basedandUNIX-basedcomputers.
∙ClientforNFS.Normally,aWindows-basedcomputercannotaccessfilesonaUNIX-basedcomputer.AcomputerrunningWindowsServer 2008 andClientforNFS,however,canaccessfilesstoredonaUNIX-basedNFSserver.
ServicesforNFSadministrativetools
ServicesforNFSprovidesaMicrosoftManagementConsole(MMC)snap-inforadministration,aswellasseveralcommand-linetools.
ServicesforNFSsnap-in
WiththeServicesforNFSsnap-in,youcanadministereachinstalledcomponentofServicesforNFS.Whenyouopenthesnap-in,thecomponentsinstalledonthelocalcomputerareavailabletoadminister.
ToopenServicesforNetworkFileSystem
∙ClickStart,pointtoAdministrativeTools,andclickServicesforNetworkFileSystem(NFS).
Note
Toperformthisprocedure,youmustbeamemberoftheAdministratorsgrouponthelocalcomputer,oryoumusthavebeendelegatedtheappropriateauthority.Ifthecomputerisjoinedtoadomain,membersoftheDomainAdminsgroupmightbeabletoperformthisprocedure.Asasecuritybestpractice,considerusingRunastoperformthisprocedure.
Youcangethelpforaniteminthissnap-inbyright-clickingtheitemandthenclickingHelp.
ServicesforNFScommand-linetools
ServicesforNFSprovidesthefollowingWindowscommand-lineadministrationtools.Torunatool,typeitsnameatthecommandprompt.Forinformationabouttheavailableparameters,atthecommandprompt,typetoolname/?
.
∙mapadmin.AdministersUserNameMapping.
∙mount.MountsNFSsharednetworkresources.
∙nfsadmin.ManagesServerforNFSandClientforNFS.
∙nfsshare.ControlsNFSsharedresources.
∙nfsstat.DisplaysorresetscountsofcallsmadetoServerforNFS.
∙showmount.DisplaysmountedfilesystemsexportedbyServerforNFS.
∙umount.RemovesNFS-mounteddrives.
Testscenario
ThistestscenariorequiresyoutodeployServicesforNFSinalabenvironmenttoassesshowthistechnologywouldfunctionifdeployedinyourproductionenvironment.Theinstructionsprovidedinthisdocumentwillhelpyou:
∙CreateanNFSsharedresourceonacomputerrunningWindowsServer 2008andServerforNFSthatcanbemountedandusedbyaUNIXcomputer.
∙CreateanNFSsharedresourceonaUNIXfileserverthatcanbemountedandusedbyacomputerrunningWindowsServer 2008andClientforNFS.
Prerequisitesandassumptions
Thisguideassumesthatyou:
∙HavebasicfamiliaritywithWindowsandUNIXoperatingenvironmentsandfilesecurity.
∙KnowhowtoinstallandoperateWindowsServer 2008.
∙Understandclient-serverinteractioninanetworkedenvironment.
StepsforDeployingandTestingServicesforNFS
ThissectiondescribeshowtosetupabasictestenvironmentforServicesforNFS.ItdiscusseshowtoinstallandconfiguretheServicesforNFScomponentsandhowtotestthedeployment.
ReviewingsystemrequirementsforServicesforNFS
ServicesforNFScanbeinstalledoncomputersrunninganyeditionofWindowsServer 2008.ThethreemaincomponentsofServicesforNFS–UserNameMapping,ServerforNFS,andClientforNFS–canbeinstalledonthesamecomputeroronseparatecomputers.
Important
BeforeinstallingServicesforNFS,youmustremoveanypreviouslyinstalledNFScomponents,suchasNFScomponentsthatwereincludedwithServicesforUNIX.WerecommendthatyoubackupormakearecordofyourconfigurationbeforeremovingNFScomponents,sothatyoucanrestoretheconfigurationonServicesforNFS.
YoucanuseServicesforNFSwithUNIXcomputerswhicharerunningNFSclientorserversoftwarewhichcomplieswithversion2orversion3oftheNFSprotocol.NFSversion2isdefinedinRFC1094andNFSversion3isdefiniedinRFC1813.
Notes
∙Bydefault,ServerforNFSsupportsUNIXclientcomputersusingNFSversion2orversion3.Youcanoverridethis,however,andconfigureServerforNFStoallowaccessonlytoclientsrunningNFSversion2.Forinstructions,see"ConfiguringServerforNFS"intheServicesforNFSHelp.ClientforNFSsupportsbothversions,andthisisnotconfigurable.
SettinguptheenvironmentforServicesforNFS
Thenextstepistosetuptheenvironmentfo
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