全国百强校word江苏省南通市海安高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题有答案.docx
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全国百强校word江苏省南通市海安高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题有答案.docx
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全国百强校word江苏省南通市海安高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题有答案
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【全国百强校word】江苏省南通市海安高级中学2016-2017学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(有答案)
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一、阅读理解(题型注释)
AuthorNormanMailerpublishedanessayinwhichhedeclaredthegraffiti(涂鸦)oftheNewYorksubwaytobe"TheGreatArtofthe70s".Butwhathappenedtotheartistsandwhyistherenosubwaygraffitianymore?
"Itstartedwithsomeonejustwritingtheirname—someonesawthat,andaddedontoit,"recallsNewYorkgraffitiartistNicer,bornHectorNazario."Lettersgoinginfrontofletters,comingbackthroughaletter,behindaletter,goingacrossaletter...thesubwaysbecameourplayground,"addsRiff170.
NewYorkin1974wasacityincrisis.TheMayor,AbeBeame,slashedthecity'sbudgetinabidtostaveoffbankruptcy(破产),whichmeantlayingoffschoolteachers,policeofficersandsubwaystaff.
"Theyweretakingthemoneyfromtheschools,therewasalotofcorruptionhere,inthiscommunity,andsotheytooktheafter-schoolprogrammesaway,andtherewasnooutletsforthis.Sotheoutletbecameourcity,"saysBronx-borndesignerEricOrr.
"Itwaslikeanexplosion.Thegraffitiexplosion.Allofasuddenittookoverthewholecity.Idon'tknowwhathappened,butovernightintheearly70sitwasfromnograffititoallgraffiti,"saysanotherformerartist,FlintGennari.
EricFelisbret,authorandformergraffitiartist,saysgraffiticulturewasinawayaproductofthecivilrightsmovement."Itwasneverpolitical,"hesays,"butmanypeoplewerebroughtupwiththat,andtoexpressyourselfbybreakingthelawbecameanaturalprocessforthem."
Thegraffitipioneerscamefromallraces,however."TherewerewritersthatwereAfricanAmerican,Latino-PuertoRico,Dominican,Cuban-Jewish,Asian,anditbecameoneunit—onefamily,"saysanothergraffitipioneer,RobertoGualtieri.
ProfGregorySnyder,sociologistandauthorofGraffitiLives,says:
"Forlotsofpeople,graffitiisugly,vandalistic,andI'mnotdenyingthat.It'svandalism...now,oftentimesit'sveryclevervandalism.Itcanbewrittenonadumpster,likeagarbagebin,andifsomeone'sattemptingtomakeagarbagebinlookalittleprettiermaybethat'snottheworstthingintheworld."AlthoughMailerwasnotaloneinwelcomingthefloweringofcreativity,theauthoritieshatedit,asdidmanypassengers.
SowhenMayorEdKochtookoffice,hewasdeterminedtocleanupthecityandsetabouttargetinggraffiti.
"Irememberin1982hebroughteveryoneouttoatrainyardandtherewasasingletrainpaintedwhite,"saysformerNewYorkDailyNewsreporterSalvatoreArena.Trainsweretakenoutofserviceandcleanedassoonasgraffitiwasspotted.Carriageswereprotectedatnightandthecityagreedtobanthesaleofspraycans.
Ifin198480%ofsubwaycarriagescontainedgraffitibyMay1989thenetworkwasgraffiti-free.“Graffitihasgonethroughanevolution,anditwillcontinuetoevolve.It’snowsociallyacceptedinplaceswhere20-30yearsagothatwouldhavebeenimpossible.It’snowshowcased(展示)incertainmuseums—andlet’ssayinanother30yearsfromnowitmaybehangingintheWhiteHouse,”saysNicer.
NowadayspaintedgraffitiislargelygonefromtheNewYorksubwaytrainsthemselvesandisseeninsteadonthewallsandtunnelsofthecity.Ithasbeenreplacedbyscratchiti(刮擦艺术)createdontocarriagewindowsusingkeys,knives.Unlikethevividimagesof40yearsago,theseghostlypatternsaresomehoweasytoignore.Afterall,graffitihasfadedquietlyintothebackground.
1、Whatcausedthegraffiti’ssuddenappearanceinNewYorkinthe1970s?
A.TheworseeconomyinNewYorkthen.
B.Itisaproductofthecivilrightsmovement.
C.ThesupportandencouragementoftheMayor.
D.PublishmentofNormanMailer’sessayongraffiti.
2、Inthe1970s,NewYork’sgraffitiartists________.
A.couldonlydograffitiontrains
B.organizedapoliticalmovement
C.oftenlefttheirownnamesontheirworks
D.realizedtheywereactuallyagainstthelaws
3、What’sGregorySnyder’sattitudetowardsgraffiti?
A.Negative.
B.Critical.
C.Objective.
D.Approving.
4、ThemainreasonwhyMayorEdKochtookmeasurestostopgraffitimaybethat________.
A.allpassengerswereagainstgraffiti
B.itwasn’ttheartthatEdKochwasfondof
C.itbecameoutofdatebecauseofscratchiti
D.itdidn’tbenefitmostsubwaypassengers
5、Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?
A.GraffitievolutionmakesNewYorksubwaysgraffiti-free.
B.Graffitihasevolvedandiswidelyacceptedinsomeplaces.
C.Ittook5yearstoclean80%ofthegraffitiinNewYorkcity.
D.GraffitiwillsureappearonthewallsoftheWhiteHouse.
ThedeathoftheplasticcreditcardcouldbeastepcloserashighstreetnamesincludingMcDonald'sandtheCo-oppreparetotestabreakthroughfinger-scanningpaymenttechnology.
FingoPay,developedbyBritishstart-upSthaler,usesabiometricreadertoscantheveinsofashopper’sfinger,buildingupa“map”thatisuniquetoeachindividual.
Byconnectingthispatternwithacreditcardorbankaccount,thecompanyplanstoletshopperspaysimplybyplacingtheirfingerinapocket-sizedscanner,doingawaywithcashandcreditcards.
Sthaler,foundedbyformermusicindustryexecutiveNickDryden,willbegintestingthetechnologynextmonthinProud,aLondonnightclub.Mr.DrydensaidMcDonald'sisexperimentingwithapilotofthetechnology,andthatSthalerisalsoplanningaprojectwithCo-op’sfoodstores.
Itcomesamidgrowinginterestinusingbiometricidentificationinpayments,whichbackersbelievearemoresecureandefficientthanpasswordsandPINs.ApplePay,whichusestheiPhone’sfingerprinttechnology,launchedintheUKin2015andwasfollowedbytheAndroidequivalentinMay2016.
HendrikKleinsmiede,thedirectorofVisaEurope’sinnovationarmCollab,whichisbackingSthaler,saidtheFingopaytechnologywaslessimmunetoproblemssuchaswetanddustyfingersorfraud.“Peoplearereadytoacceptbiometricsasasecureauthenticationmechanism,”hesaid.
Sthalersaysthechancethattwopeoplehavethesameveinstructureis3.4bn-to-one,makingitvirtuallyimpossibletocrack.Theveinscanner,developedbyHitachi,isalreadybeingusedbyBarclaystoidentifybusinesscustomersaswellasincashmachinesinJapan,butSthalerhastheuniquerightstolicenseittoretailers.
InthetrialatProudsettobegininSeptember,thetechnologywillbeusedtospeedupwaitingtimesatthebarbothbycuttingdownoncardsandbybeingabletosuggestdrinksbasedonwhatapatronhaspreviouslyordered.
6、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutFingopay?
A.Itworksbyidentifyingshoppers’fingerprints.
B.Itscansthefingerveinstoidentifyshoppers.
C.ItwasfirsttestedonBarclays’cashmachinesinJapan.
D.ItiscurrentlybeingtestedintheCo-opGroup’sfoodstores.
7、AccordingtoHendrikKleinsmiede,________.
A.itisimpossibletofindtwopeoplewhosharethesameveinstructure
B.peoplehavetocleantheirhandsbeforetheyuseFingopay
C.itwon’tbelongbeforebiometricsaremorewidelyused
D.FingopaytechnologyismuchmoreeffectivethanpasswordsandPINs
8、Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?
A.TheuseofFingopaytechnologyhasboughtinmorecustomers.
B.Fingopaytechnologyhelpsbusinessestomeetcustomers’needs.
C.Fingopaytechnologycouldincreasethesalesofcertaindrinks.
D.TheuseofFingopaytechnologywasn’tallowedinthetrialatProud.
9、Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Paywithyourvein:
Fingopay
B.Ceditcardsvs.Fingopay
C.Differentwaysofpayment
D.Anewtechnology:
fingerprints
Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?
Thengrabyourhikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.
Thebodyclockisaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit’stimetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetowakeup.Scientiststrackthisclockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin(褪黑激素)circulatinginaperson’sbloodatanygiventime.
Inahealthysleeper,melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime,stayhighthroughthenight,andthensettlebackdownwhenit’stimetowakeup.
Inourmodernsociety,however,mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.Andthetroubleis,yourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.Itmayalsohaveotherhealthconsequencesaswell,suchasdiabetes(糖尿病),overweightandheartdisease.
ProfessorKennethWrightoftheUniversityofColoradointheUSwantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature.Histeamrecruited(招募)fourteenphysicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s.Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip,whiletheotherfivestayedhome.Attheendoftheweekend,theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays,thecampers’bodyclockshadshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydidbeforetheyleftonthetrip.Bycontrast,thebodyclocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend.
“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast,”Wrightsaid.
Therefore,ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatternsyoucouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturallightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn’twork,there’salwayscamping.
10、Theunderlinedwor
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