YUYANXUE语言学导论.docx
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YUYANXUE语言学导论.docx
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YUYANXUE语言学导论
III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(1%×20=20%)
1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_____a__study.
A.synchronicB.historic
C.diachronicD.descriptive
2)Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belongiscalled__b___synonyms.
A.stylistic B.dialectal C.emotive D.collocational
3)Thesentence“Johnlikesice-cream”containsB________arguments.
A.oneB.two
C.noneD.three
4)Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof______B__.
A.namingB.meaning
C.communicationD.context
5)Oncethenotionof_____B___wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.
A.meaningB.context
C.formD.content
6)Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_____C__.
A.locutionaryactB.perlocutionaryact
C.illocutionaryactD.noneoftheabove
7)MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiveriseto_C____.
A.utterancemeaningB.speechacttheory
C.conversationalimplicaturesD.noneoftheabove
8)ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey____A__isliterallysaid.
A.morethanB.lessthan
C.thesameasD.noneoftheabove
9)ThegoalofB______istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.
A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguistics
C.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics
10)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_____D__.
A.rule-governedB.systematic
C.arbitraryD.bothAandB
11)Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe__C_.
A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguistic
C.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic
12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary________D_symbolsusedforhumancommunication.
A.culturalB.conventional
C.decodedD.vocal
13)Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled____B_____.
A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemousword
C.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove
14)Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa(n)_______C___.
A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorpheme
C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform
15)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare__C______innumber.
A.largeB.small
C.finiteD.infinite
16)“Iboughtsomeroses”___A_______“Iboughtsomeflowers”.
A.entailsB.presupposes
C.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith
17)Thephrase“boysandgirls”belongstothe___B_________construction.
A.predicateB.endocentric C.subordinateD.exocentric
18)CanIborrowyourbike?
"D___"Youhaveabike."
A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwith
C.entailsD.presupposes 19)Ofallthespeechorgans,the__C_is/arethemostflexible.
A.mouthB.lips C.tongue D.vocalcords
20)Chomskyusestheterm____D___torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.
A.langue B.competence
C.parole D.performance
IV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:
(1%×15=15%)
1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.T
2)Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten.T
3)Theopen-classwordsincludeprepositions.F
4)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.F
5)Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.T
6)Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.F
7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangeanddevelopment.F
8)TheICanalysisisnotabletoanalyzesplitverbslike“dosb.in”.T
9)Therelationshipof“flower”,“violet”,“rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.T
10)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.F
11)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.F
12)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiedthesentencespatternsofalanguage.F
13)Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.F
14)Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.F
15)Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.F
V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
1)Themodernlinguisticsisd_________descriptive___,notprescriptive,anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata.
2)M__orpheme_________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
3)Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhilep___arole_____contrastdwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividualspeaker..
4)Thetransformationalcomponenthastransformationalrules,whichchangethedeepstructuresgeneratedbythephrasestructurecomponentintos_____urface___structure.
5)Insemantictriangle,therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect,anditismediatedbyc________oncept___..
6)H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb___road_________transcription.
7)Inthecooperativeprinciple,Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims.Theyaremaximofquality,maximofquatity,maximofr___elation_______andmaximofmanner.
8)ThestrongversionofSapir-Whorfhopothesisisthatlanguaged__etermines_________sourthinkingpattern.
9)Therearetwomajorapproachestoerroranalysis:
c_ontrastive___________andnon-contrastiveanalysis.
10)P_ragmatics________isthestudyoflanguageinuse.
VI.Thefollowingtwoareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachexpression.(2.5%×2=5%)
1)Smokingcigarisveryharmful.
2)Theboysawthemanwiththetelescope.
VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish. (4%×5=20%)
1)Whatarethefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple?
2)Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?
3)Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmodernlinguisticsandtraditionalgrammar?
3)A.Linguisticsisdescriptive,notprescriptive
B.Linguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.
C.LinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinthatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.
4)Whydowesaythatameaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents?
5)Whatdoyouknowaboutlinguistics.
参考答案
III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(1%×20=20%)
1-5 ABBBB 6-10 CCABD11-15 CDBCC 16-20 ABDCD
IV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:
(1%×15=15%)
1)-5):
TTFFT6)-10):
FFTTF 11)-15):
FFFFF
V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.(1%×10=10%)
1)descriptive2)Morpheme3)parole4)surface5)concept
6)broad7)relation8)determines 9)contrastive10)Pragmatics
VI.Thefollowingtwosentencesareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachsentence.(2.5%×2=5%)
1)Thecigarthatissmokingisveryharmful.
Theactofsmokingthecigarisveryharmful.
2)Theboysawthemanwhohadatelescope.
Usingthetelescope,theboysawtheman.
VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish. (4%×5=20%)
1)A.Themaximofquantity
1.Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange).
2.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.
B.Themaximofquality
1.Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.
2.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.
C.Themaximofrelation Berelevant.
D.Themaximofmanner
1.Avoidobscurityofexpression.2.Avoidambiguity.
3.Bebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity).4.Beorderly.
2)Arbitrariness;Productivity;Duality;Displacement;Culturaltransmission;
3)A.Linguisticsisdescriptive,notprescriptive
B.Linguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.
C.LinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinthatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.
4)Themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponentsbecauseitcannotbeworkedoutbyaddingupallthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.Forexample;
(A)Thedogbittheman.
(B)Themanbitthedog.
Ifthemeaningofasentencewerethesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents,thentheabovetwosentenceswouldhavethesamemeaning.Infacttheyaredifferentinmeanings.
Asweknow,therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning:
grammaticalmean-ingandsemanticmeaning.Thegrammaticalmeaningsof“thedog”and“theman”in(A)aredifferentfromthegrammaticalmeaningsof“thedog”and“theman”in(B).Themeaningofasen
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