专业英语四级考试词汇讲义.docx
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专业英语四级考试词汇讲义.docx
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专业英语四级考试词汇讲义
专业英语四级考试词汇讲义
词汇题
第一节从词性方面对考题的分析
词汇的考点
1.词性考点
(1)动词词性辨析第一动词是否及物
第二及物动词是加一个宾语还是两个宾语还是加宾语加宾补
双宾:
及物动词+somebody+something
宾语加宾补:
及物动词+名词/代词+名词/do/doing/todo/形容词
动词+something+done
例:
63.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?
A.ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.
B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.
C.YouhavedonePeterafavour.
D.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.
在记动词时,注意记熟词僻意现象。
striken.罢工
vt.敲击,撞击,点火
vi.(疾病/灾难)侵袭
(2)名词词性辨析
(3)形容词词性辨析熟悉的词变形容词,词义和原词意会有很大差别
(4)副词词性辨析注意熟词僻意现象
例:
72.Imustleavenow._______,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.
[A]Accidentally[B]Incidentally[C]Eventually[D]Naturally
76.Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid_______.
A.absolutelyB.accidentallyC.accordinglyD.accurately
(5)固定搭配
例:
67.Therearestillmanyproblemaheadofus,butbyhistimenextyearwecanseelightattheendofthe_________.
[A]battle[B]day[C]road[D]tunnel
55.Maryhopestobe________fromhospitalnextweek.
[A]dismissed[B]discharged[C]expelled[D]resigned
(6)短语辨析
第二节从词型和词义方面对考题的分析
词汇考点:
单词和短语
一单词考法
1.同义词,近义词,含义比较
看read(看书,看报)/watch(看电视)/see(看电影)/lookat(看黑板)
听listento(听音乐)/hear(听见某人说话)
说speak(说阴雨)/say(说再见)/tell(说故事)/talk(大家说)/utter(说话声,发声)
2.形近词辨析
3.纯单词辨析
4.形近意近词辨析
ensureensuresb.sth.
ensure(that)句子
assureassuresb.of
assure(that)句子
guaranteeguaranteetodo
guaranteeforsth.
guarantee(that)句子
insureinsureagainst
二短语考法
1.短语辨析
2.固定搭配
3.俚语习语听力中听到什么不选什么(haveaball过得愉快,玩得高兴);阅读理解中看到什么不选什么(onone’slastleg死掉了)。
例:
68.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir__________.
[A]backs[B]necks[C]toes[D]heels
76.Wheninvitedtotalkabouthisachievements+herefusedtoblowhisown_____anddeclinedtospeakatthemeeting.
A.trumpetB.whistleC.bugleD.flute
第三节词汇词的解题方法(一、二、三)
一同义词、近义词和含义比较题的题解题技巧
1.固定搭配
76.Accordingtothenewtaxlaw,anymoneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxedatthe______of59percent
[A]ratio[B]percentage[C]proportion[D]rate
69.Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob__________isararething.
[A]security[B]safety[C]protection[D]secureness
2.指代关系
76.Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas__________.
[A]leaking[B]trickling[C]dripping[D]floating
58.Icouldn’tsleeplastnightbecausethetapinthebathroomwas________.
[A]draining[B]dropping[C]spilling[D]dripping
77.Thousandsof_______atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.
[A]audience[B]participants[C]spectators[D]observers
68.Therewere150__________attheinternationalconferencethissummer.
A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers
56.Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite________.
[A]invaluable[B]priceless[C]unworthy[D]worthless
3.包含关系
A>B一般选包含关系大的;但空格左右特具体时,选包含关系小的。
例:
63.Duringthesummerholidayseasonitisdifficulttofinda(n)_______roominthehotelshere.
[A]empty[B]vacant[C]free[D]deserted
60.Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno____roomsinthisseasidehotel.
[A]empty[B]blank[C]deserted[D]vacant
62.Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew_______fromthenovel.
[A]pieces[B]essays[C]fragments[D]extracts
61.Thenewcolleague_______tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.
[A]confesses[B]declares[C]claims[D]confirms
65.Ithinkyoucantakea(n)____languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.
[A]intermediate[B]middle[C]medium[D]mid
63.Thetenantleftnothingbehindexceptsome____ofpaper,cloth,etc.
[A]sheets[B]scraps[C]pages[D]slices
74.Doyouownyourapartmentorareyoua______?
A.tenantB.customerC.clientD.proprietor
二形近词辨析或纯单词辨析题的解题方法
1.固定搭配
2.看词意
3.看词性
4.看及物跟不及物的区别
例:
62.Heplaystennistothe________ofallothersports.
[A]eradication[B]exclusion[C]extension[D]inclusion
68.Thebarintheclubisforthe______useofitsmembers.
[A]extensive[B]exclusive[C]inclusive[D]comprehensive
58.Therehasbeena_______lackofcommunicationbetweentheunionandthemanagement.
[A]regretful[B]regrettable[C]regretting[D]regretted
63.Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.
[A]economic[B]thrifty[C]frugal[D]careful
67.Ontheroadmotoristsshouldbeawareofcyclistsandbe____towardsthem.
A.considerableB.consideringC.considerateD.considered
80.Thecouplehasdonatedanot__________amountofmoneytothefoundation.
[A]inconsiderable[B]inconsiderate
[C]inaccurate[D]incomparable
第四节例题讲解(一、二、三)
66.DuringtheTVinterview,thesingerannouncedthathewasgoingto_____hisnewalbum
soon.
A.releaseB.renewC.relieveD.rehearse
re相当于again“再一次,又一次”:
rewrite/review/revise/resign
相当于banck“回来”:
return/reverse/recession/revive
70.Timhasfailedthreecoursesthissemester,sohewillhaveto_____themnextsemester.
A.remakeB.repeatC.reapplyD.revise
57.Jimmyearnshislivingby________worksofartinthemuseum.
[A]recovering[B]restoring[C]renewing[D]reviving
78.SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut__________slightlyintheafternoon.
[A]regained[B]recovered[C]restored[D]revived
67.Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto__________theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendour.
[A]refreshing[B]restoring[C]renovating[D]renewing
73.Thescientistshavemadean_____studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.
A.exhaustedB.exhaustingC.exhaustiveD.exhaustion
55.Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthe________.
[A]latter[B]latest[C]later[D]last
67.Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyears,hefinally_____therankofdeputydirector.
A.achievedB.approachedC.attainedD.acquired
64.WhichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtocomplete"We'veseenthefilm_______"?
A.beforeB.recentlyC.latelyD.yet
71.Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject__________.
A.latelyB.justnowC.lateD.longago
79.Thepriestmadethe________ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.
[A]mark[B]signal[C]sign[D]gesture
61.Drivestraightahead,andthenyouwillseea____totheShanghai-NanjingExpressway.
[A]sign[B]mark[C]signal[D]board
78.Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s_________ratherthanthecompany’s.
[A]benefit[B]availability[C]suitability[D]convenience
78.BusservicesbetweenTownCentreandNewtonHousingEstatewillbe_____untilthemotorwayisrepaired.
A.discontinuedB.suspendedC.haltedD.ceased
69.Comeon,Jack,tellmethestory.Don’tkeepmein______.
A.suspenseB.suspendingC.suspensionD.suspender
第五节短语
短语辨析题的做题方法:
通过动词和介副词本身意思来猜
例:
through通过,穿过,度过,透过
readthrough浏览
gothrough经历
lookthrough透过……来看
Thedoctorhadalmostlosthopeatonepoint,butthepatientfinally________.
A)pulledoutB)pulledthroughC)pulledupD)pulledover
77.Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill_________.
[A]pullback[B]pullup[C]pullthrough[D]pullout
58.Inordertoraisemoney,AuntNicolahadto______withsomeofhermosttreasuredpossessions.
[A]divide[B]separate[C]part[D]abandon.
70.Thefootballmatchwas_____becauseoftheheavyrain.
A.calledoverB.calledupC.calledoutD.calledoff
78.Helistenedhardbutstillcouldn't__________whattheyweretalkingabout.
A.makeoverB.makeupC.makeuponD.makeout
67.Duringthesummervacation,kidsareoftenseenhanging__________inthestreet.
A.aboutB.onC.overD.out
第六节根据首字母考试频率记忆单词(一、二)
一不重要的6个首字母
XYZ
重点记:
yieldn.产量vi.yieldto屈服,让步
JKQ
重点记:
keep短语
二很重要的10个字母
ABCDEIPRST
高频前缀:
A
acc/add/app/arr/att/aff/agg/ass
accessto接近
haveaccessto有权利使用
C
com/con/co
consistent一贯的不变的
consistent不变的恒定的
consistently相当于always
continual时断时续,有间断continuous连续不断的,没有间断
D
de/dis
decline下降,拒绝decrease下降depression经济衰退,压抑debate辩论
disagree不同意dislike不喜欢distribute分配,分发indispensable不可缺少的
E
ex/en
exclude排除
enrich使丰富
enlarge扩大
entitle给…权利(或资格)entitlesb.to(do)sth.
enable使能够
I
in/im/id
include包含import进口
作为否定词时,in没有要求,什么字母开头普都可以;im要求加在m,p开头的单词前。
P
pre/pro/pu/pl
pre/pro相当于before在…之前
progress取得进步,发展
predict语言
R
re
S
st/su/se/sub
set短语
sub次,亚,下
subhealth亚健康
subway地铁
submit呈上,提交
T
tr/te
trans从…到…
transmit传输,传播
transfer转移,转学,调动工作transfersb.tosomeplace
transform变革
transplant移植
transport运输
三记忆单词的方法:
大量背,大量忘,大量留下:
1.认知;2.挪窝认识;3.在英语的语境中使用单词
1.坚持循环记忆
在阅读中记忆单词,创造与单词多见面的机会
2.根据词根、词缀、词源来记忆单词
3.不择手段记单词
通过加减字母记忆单词
编故事记单词
联想
4.根据单词读音记单词
5.在生活中记单词
语法部分
一、3大从句
名从、定从、状从,名从和定从常放在一起考
(一)名从:
主从、宾从、表从、同位从
﹡1、名从句中的连接词
连接词
词义
在从句中是否起从句作用
能否省略
that
无
不充当
只在宾语中可省
If(只引导宾从)
有:
是否
不充当
不能省
whether
有:
是否
不充当
不能省
whether与if的区别,whether后可+ornot或or
连接代词
词义
在从句中是否起从句作用
能否省略
what
什么
充当:
主宾表
不能省
who
谁
充当:
主语
whom
谁
充当:
宾语
whose
谁的
充当:
定语
which
哪一个
充当:
定语
连接副词
词义
在从句中是否起从句作用
能否省略
when
时间
充当:
状语
不能省
where
地点
充当:
主语
why
为什么
充当:
宾语
how
方式
充当:
定语
注意:
名词性从句一律用陈述语序,即主谓不能颠倒。
如:
Whatisyourname?
/Whatyournameis?
而不是Canyoutellmewhat’syourname?
﹡
(1)that引导名从时,只起连接作用,不在从句中充当任何成份
It’s/was+adj./-ed/某些n.+that+完整句子(因that不作从句中的成份)
(2)强调句:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子
(强调最多的是主、宾、状)
2、宾从
主谓是vt.+
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