高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题12页.docx
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高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题12页.docx
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高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题12页
2020高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题
1.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-___1___sixmonthsoutoftheyear
“Ofcourse,we___2___itwhenthesunisshining,”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis___3___,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona___4___day.”
Butthat___5___whenasystemofhigh-tech___6___wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan___7___theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:
Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto___8___.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat___9___themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe____10____andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral____11____,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight____12____,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.
“Peoplehavebeen____13____thereandstandingthereandtaking____14____ofeachother,”Rosays.“Thetownsquarewastotally____15____.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.”The3,500residentscannotall____16____thesunshineatthesametime.____17____,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s____18____residents.
“It’snotvery____19____
”shesays,“butitisenoughwhenweare____20____.”
1.A.onlyB.obviouslyC.nearlyD.precisely
2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice
3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide
4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm
5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered
6.A.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras
7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined
8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use
9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows
10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year
11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street
12.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped
13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.sitting
14.A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold
15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent
16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store
17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly
18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved
19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy
20.A.tryingB.waitingC.watchingD.sharing
2
Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthenowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively___21___workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.
Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe___22___,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,_____23_____,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom___24___withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.
Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof___25___people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto___26___tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral___27___.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional___28___managerscannot.
Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout___29___managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:
___30___thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe___31___withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas___32___beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto___33___thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.
Anothertrendisoff-siteor___34___management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe___35___oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.
21.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike
22.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme
23.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise
24.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above
25.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging
26.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply
27.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression
28.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male
29.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing
30.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating
31.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared
32.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally
33.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure
34.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene
35.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness
3.
Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The___36___isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof___37___becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.
Howdidwe___38___athrowawaysociety?
Firstofall,itisnoweasierto___39___anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.___40___modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland___41___.
Anothercauseisour___42___ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As___43___people,wearealwayslookingfor___44___tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies___45___thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:
paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.
Ourappetitefornewproductsalso___46___totheproblem.Weare___47___buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat___48___isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe___49___usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.
Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe___50___ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To___51___theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe___52___,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.___53___,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem.
Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions___54___throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout___55___.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.
36.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem
37.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products
38.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change
39.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw
40.A.ThankstoB.AstoC.ExceptforD.Regardlessof
41.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful
42.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division
43.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy
44.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends
45.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve
46.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes
47.A.tiredofB.addictedtoC.worriedaboutD.ashamedfor
48.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger
49.A.pickupB.payforC.holdontoD.throwaway
50.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences
51.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure
52.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands
53.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile
54.A.byB.infavourofC.afterD.insteadof
55.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising
4.
Oneoftheeasiestthingsintheworldistobecomeafault-finder.However,lifecanbe___56___whenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit.
SeveralyearsagoI___57___aletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways___58___bythings.Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthatannoyedher,and___59___wasevergoodenough.Shewashighlyself-criticalandalsofoundfaultwithherfriends.Shebecameareally___60___person.
Unfortunately
ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeher___61___.Herbestfriendwasseriouslyhurtinacarcrash.Whatmadeitalmost___62___todealwithwasthatthedaybeforethe___63___,Kerryhadvisitedherfriendandhadspentthewholetimecriticizingher___64___ofboyfriends,thewayshewasliving,thewaysherelatedtohermother,andvariousotherthingsshefeltsheneededto___65___.Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecame___66___herhabitoffindingfault.Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthanto___67___everythingsoharshly(刻薄).Shewasabletotransferhernewwisdomtootherpartsofher___68___aswell.
Perhapsmostofusaren’tasextremeatfault-finding,___69___whenwe’rehonest,wecanbesharply___70___oftheworld.I’mnotsuggestingyou___71___problems,orthatyoupretendthingsare___72___thantheyare,butsimplythatyoulearntoallowthingstobeastheyare—___73___mostofthetime,andespeciallywhenit’snotareallybig___74___.
Trainyourselfto"biteyourtongue",andwithalittle___75___,you’llgetreallygoodatlettingthingsgo.Andwhenyoudo,you’llgetbackyourenthusiasmandloveforlife.
56.A.lon
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