中级语法二VOICE语态.docx
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中级语法二VOICE语态.docx
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中级语法二VOICE语态
中级语法
(二)---VOICE语态
主动(ACTIVE)与被动(PASSIVE)
1.构成
1)
be+-ed
amisare----were
was
2)will/shall/may/would/should/might+1):
be+-ed/be+(being)+-ed
3)be+being+-ed
4)have/has/had+been+(being)+-ed
5)have/has/hadsb/sthdo/doing/done
Hehasthecateatfishalltheday.
Theteacherhadusdotheexerciseintheclass.
Theladyhashiscarwaitingforherallthemorning.
Theyhadthelightsburningallthenight.
HEhadhismotherkilledlastyear.
Shehadherwalletstolenthedaybeforeyesterday.
Hehadhisleftleghurtyesterdaywhenplayingvolleyball.
Theteacherhadtheexercisesdone(byothers).
6)get/become+-ed
get比BE口语化,一般用于突发事件或牵涉自身的事件,其意义往往既包含动作又包含结果状态,所以通常只用于一些能使动作承受者发生某种变化的动词,eg.kill,catch,break,hurt,punish.
Intime,thethiefcametogetcaught,withsomanypeoplehurtorkilled,whoshouldgetpunishedseriously.(reward)
Hegotkilled/injuredbythecar.
Thechancesgotlost.
Howdidtheglassgetbroken?
Theladygotinvitedtolotsofplaces
Shegotcaughtbythepolicedrivingat80milesthroughtheexpressway.
Youwillgethurtbyherifyoukeeptouchwithher
Excusethemess;thehouseisgettingpainted.
Moreandmorepeoplearegettingattackedbytheelephants.
Become有时也可用来起相当于被动语态助动词的作用,它仍保持原有的从一种状态转入另一种状态的意义,后面一般不能接表示动作执行者的BY状语.
Withthepassageoftime,thefurniturebecamecoveredindust.
2.主动被动之转换
1)Readersarenotpermittedbefore9a.m(Thelibrary/school/universitydoesn’tpermitreadersbefore9a.m.(toenter);/Theydon’tpermitreadersbefore9a.m.(toenter)
2)Thecarparkisclosed.(They/Peopleclosethecarpark.)
3)Containersmustbeliftedinthecenterofthelift.(Peoplemustliftcontainersinthecenterofthelift.)
4)Foryoursafetyandsecurity,videolinkedCCTVcamerasaremonitoringthisstation.(Foryoursafetyandsecurity,thisstationisbeingmonitoredbyvideolinkedCCTVcameras.
为了旅客安全本车站在闭路电视监控范围内/此处设有电子眼
5)Yourapplicationhasbeenconsidered.(They/Wehaveconsideredyourapplication.)
被动语态重要图片1(5476)
SITESAFETY
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施工安全须知工程正在进行请家长提醒孩子施工现场危险
Safetyhelmetsmustbeworn进入施工现场,须带安全帽
Unauthorisedentrytothissiteisstrictlyforbidden
DANGER
Electrifiedtrack
Nounauthorised
personnelbeyond
thispoint
Trespasserswillbeprosecuted
Maximumpenalty£200
危险:
道轨有电
未经许可
严禁靠近
违规处罚
最高罚款:
200英镑
5476
SITESAFETY
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Safetysignsandproceduresmustbeobservedandpersonalprotectionandsafetyequipmentmustbeusedallthetimes.
Constructionworkinprogress.Parentsareadvisedtowarnchildrenofthedangersofenteringthissire.
施工安全须知
正在施工请家长提醒孩子施工现场危险
Safetyhelmetsmustbeworn进入施工现场,须带安全帽
Unauthorisedentrytothissiteisstrictlyforbidden
非公莫入
Imagesarebeingrecordedforthe
purposesofcrimeprevention
andpublicsafety.
Pleasecontact:
02088584422
forfurtherinformationabout
thescheme.
Thisschemeiscontrolledby
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为预防犯罪、
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3.ThecontextforPASSIV
1.withoutanyknowledgeofthedoerornoneedtomentionit
ThestoryeventuallygottranslatedintoEnglish.
2.Thedoercanbeanybody
Theeffectsofthisincidentarestillbeingfelt.
Heissupposedtohaveescapeddisguisedasawoman.
Itishoped/believed…
3.Toexpressthespeakerorwriter’sviewpoint.
Youwillbesavedagreatdealoftroubleinthisway.
Alifetimeofhardworkcanbereadonhisforehead.
Itwasn’tdoneintentionally,dear.
4.maybenodoersatall,justtotellthefact/truth
Thistrustisonlyfoundinhim.
5.forthenaturalnessthetext,mainlyinthecontextofcompoundsentences(并列句)
Theteachercameinandwasimmediatelywelcomedbythestudents.
ThevisitorsarrivedinBeijingyesterdayandtodaywillbeshownaroundbyus.
6.Thedoerisofaverylongnounphrase,acombinationofmorethantwo,inparticular.
Profitabilitywillbedepressedbyweakdemandathomeandabroad,byworseningcompetitivenessandincreasingcostpressures.
7.collocations:
itisreported/believed/said./rumored/hoped/expected/supposed/generallyconsidered/widelyrecognized/wellknown/requested/required/ordered/estimatedthat…(表述一种事实/评论)
8.EnglishforNEWSandscienceandtechnology(50%)
9.sentenceswithoutpassivevoice
1)Vtwiththeexpressionof‘astate’:
have,own,possess;lack,want;fitsuit,become;last,cost,resemble,fail,outlive,survive,escape,hold,etc.
‘有’字歌
有(HAVE)是(FIT/SUIT)无(LACK);
无(WANT)即(BECOME)有(OWN);
我(握)有(HOLD)似(RESEMBLE)没有(FAIL);
放弃(ESCAPE)会(POSSESS)常有(SURVIVE);
常有(LAST)使(COST)拥有(POSSESS)
a.Ihavefoureldersistersandoneyoungersister.
b.Nowadaysladiesadmirethosewhopossessgreatwealth.
c.Iwantanassistant.
d.Thisfits/suits/becomesyou.
e.Mydaughterresemblesme.
f.Forgetit!
Youcanoutlivethedisgrace.
g.Wordsfailed/escapedmewhenIsawheratthesight.
h.Hesurvivedtheaccident.
i.Thisroomholds130students.
2)宾语是反身代词或相互代词。
Shehurt/savedherselfwhenshehurt/savedme.
Weshouldhelpeachother.
10.aformwithactiveimpliesameaningwithpassive(Vi):
act,clean,compare,cook,draw,fill,increase,iron,keep,let,lock,open,peel,photograph,read,rouse,run,scan,sell,smoke,spoil,train,translate,wash,wear,wind,etc.
‘嗯’N字歌
let,fill,lock,anopen
keep,wash,train,clean
cook,spoil,peel,wear,iron
draw,smoke,photograph,wind
compare,translate,read,scan
sell,rouse,increase,act,run
1)presenttense
a.Theorangespeeleasily.
b.Thebookreads/scanswell
c.Thedrawerdoesn’topeninwetweather.
d.Theclockwindsattheback.
e.Hiswritingstranslateexcitingly.
f.Thecompanyrunsataprofit.
2)pasttenseorpresentperfecttense
a.Thesockswore/havewornthrough.
b.Hisfortune(has)increased.
c.Shedidn’tphotographwell.
3)Futuretense(usu.Withnot/negative)
a.Thedoorwon’tlock/open/close.
b.Insuchweathermilkwon’tkeeplong.
4)continuous/progressivetense
a.Somanystadiumandgymswere/arebuilding.
b.Thedinneriscooking.
c.Thenovelissellinglikehotcakes.
5)–todo/attributive
a.Thereisnotimetolose.
b.Thenextthingtoconsideristogetabetterdegreetopromote.
c.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.
d.Thebookistoodifficulttounderstand.
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- 中级 语法 VOICE 语态