高中语法知识形容词和副词.docx
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高中语法知识形容词和副词.docx
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高中语法知识形容词和副词
形容词和副词
adj.形容词,adv.副词
教学内容:
1.常见形副构成(词缀)
2.形副基本用法
3.比较等级变化规则
4.三级用法
5.对接高考和写作
一、常见形副构成(词缀)
A.常见形容词的构成及识记
1.“-y”系列
rainy_________晴朗的_________多雾的_________
stormy_________多风的_________多雪的_________
frosty_________多云的_________干的_________
幸运的_________健康的_________瞌睡的_________
吵闹的_________简单的_________懒的_________
饥饿的_________生气的_________
2.“-ful”系列:
careful_________漂亮的_________精彩的_________
有用的_________成功的_________和平的_________truthful_________awful_________painful_________
有害的_________感谢的_________
3.“-less”系列:
careless_________无用的_________无助的_________
无希望的_________无意义的_________
4.“-ous”系列:
dangerous_________美味的_________紧张的_________
严肃的_________著名的_________幽默的_________
5.“-able”系列:
comfortable_________不舒服的_________令人享受的_________
可获得的_________可信的_________难以置信的_________
有价值的_________可重复使用的_________
6.“-ing”和“-ed”系列:
-ing形容词修饰物,和-ed形容词修饰人
有趣的_________感兴趣的_________令人兴奋的_________
感到兴奋的_________令人疲倦的_________感到疲倦的_________
令人愉快的_________感到满意的_________令人感动的_________
受感动的_________
7.+ly系列:
可爱的_________友好的_________孤独的_________
活泼的_________每周的_________每日的_________
卷曲的_________愚蠢的_________丑陋的_________
很可能的_________
8.+ern系列:
东方的________西方的________南方的________北方的________
9.un-系列:
unlucky________unhappy________unreal________unfortunate________unlimited________
B.副词的构成
1.形容词+ly构成副词
e.g.
different_____________()bad_____________()
close_____________()free_____________()
clear_____________()bright_____________()
dangerous_____________()slow_____________()
careful_____________()correct_____________()
quick_____________()nice_____________()
2.如果形容词以辅音字母-y结尾,变副词时要将y变为i,再加上-ly
e.g.angry_____________()easy_____________()
happy_____________()lucky_____________()
heavy_____________()busy_____________()
noisy_____________()
3.以le结尾的形容词,变副词时要将e去掉,再加-y
gentle______________()terrible______________()
simple______________()probable______________()
possible______________()
4.以-ic结尾的形容词,变ical再加ly:
(见讲义P33)。
5.特殊单词特殊记:
1)true→truly()2)shy→shyly()
根据要求写出下列单词的副词形式:
1.easy______________()2.correct______________()
3.quiet______________()4.polite______________()
5.noisy______________()6.heavy______________()
7.lucky______________()8.angry______________()
二、形副基本用法
A.形容词的用法:
1.作定语:
放在_______前,_______后。
Jerryhasaninterestingbook.
HeisafamousChineseboy.Thenicegirlismygirlfriend.
Youcan’tseeanythinginteresting.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
2.作表语:
放在_______后。
a.be动词:
am,is,are,was,were,be,being,been
b.感官类:
smell,taste,sound,look,feel,
smellssmelly/tastestasty,Tonylookshandsome/happy.Thatdoesn’ssoundtoobad.
c.变化状态类:
become,turn,get,seem,grow,go,stay,keep,remain,fall,appear,
Theleavesbecomeredinautumn.Hishairturnsgrey.Hiswordsseemreasonable.Itgrowscold.
Stayhungry,stayfoolish.(求知若饥,虚心若愚)
Shegoespaleatthenews.(她听到消息脸色变得苍白)
Tokeephealthy,weshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables.
3.作补语:
放在宾语之后,常与______________(make/have/let/leave/keep/find)等动词连用。
Leavemealone.Thegoodnewsmadehimhappy.
Hefounditeasytotellfunnyjokes.Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.
Exercises(5-10):
1.It’sa_____(rain)day.
2.Heis_____(live),cleverandoutgoing.
3.Ourneighboursare_______(friend).
4.EatingdumplingsattheSpringFestivalis_____inChina.
A.patientB.luckyC.possibleD.traditional
5.ThecakeMrsBlackmadelooks_______,butittastes_______.
A.bad;goodB.bad;wellC.badly;goodD.badly;well
6.Thefoodontheplatesmells________.Youcan’teatit.
A.deliciousB.badlyC.wellD.bad
7.Asthetripwaspleasant,theydidn’tfeel__________(疲劳)atall.
8.Helpingothersmakesusvery________.
A.lonelyB.proudC.lazyD.harmful
9.Theseflowersgrow_____andsmell____.
A.good,niceB.nice,wellC.well,niceD.well,well
10.Eventhoughwe’reindifficulttimes,weneedtokeephope___.
A.realB.aliveC.freshD.close
B.副词的作用:
1.用来修饰:
动词,形容词,副词,句子
Manybirdslivethere__________(快乐地)allyearround,theycan_________(容易地)catchfishforfood.
Sandyisrather____(外向的).Shecantalktoeveryonearoundher_________(自由地).
_______________(悲伤地),it’sverydifficultforgiantpandastosurviveinthewild.
Exercises(5-10):
1.Hedrivesvery________(careful).
2.Shedances________(beautiful).
3.Ireadit________(happy).
4.Itwaslate.Sheopenedthedoor____becauseshedidn’twanttowakeuphergrandma.
A.angrilyB.quietlyC.loudlyD.heavily
5.Ifelloffthebikeonmywaytoschool._____,Iwasn’thurt.
A.LuckilyB.SuddenlyC.PolitelyD.Recently
6.It’sdark.Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboard____.
A.carefullyB.clearlyC.silentlyD.patiently
7.WeshouldusetheInternet_____inourdailylife.
A.quicklyB.clearlyC.wiselyD.silently
8.Readthetext____,andIwillasksomequestionsaboutitafterawhile.
A.carefulB.carefullyC.quietD.quietly
9.It’sraining_____.Ican’tseetheroadclearly.
A.heavyB.heavilyC.noisyD.noisily
10.InEnglishclasses,youshouldread_____topracticeyourspokenEnglish.
A.loudlyB.loudC.silentD.silently
趁热打铁:
(一)形副的基本辨析
I)判断下列空处用形容词adj.还是副词adv.?
1.Itis__adj____tofindtimeformyself.
2.That’san___adj___problem.Icanworkitout___adv___.
3.Thepizzatastesvery______.
4.Ifwewanttobe______,wemusteat______.
5.Whichofthoseradiossounds______?
6.Hewasvery______andheclosedthedoor______.
7.Themilksmelledtoo______.
8.Theweathertodaybecomes______.
9.Areyou______atEnglish?
CanyouspeakEnglish______?
10.Itwasa______rain.Italsorained______yesterday.
11.It’sgetting______.Youshouldtakeacoatwithyou.
12.Whenyoucrosstheroad,youshouldbe______andwalk______.
13.Thechildrenarelaughing______.Theylookvery______.
14.WhenIamina______mood,musiccanmakeme______.
拔高题
1.Thedoctorlookedatthepatient______.Hethoughthelookedreally______.
2.Thechildrenalllooked______atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite______.
3.Theillnesscanmakeyoufeeltiredand______.
(二)形副的特殊辨析
形副同形:
far,fast,hard,high,early,late,long,straight,well,pretty,
形副异形:
good/well
补充:
a.常用连接性副词的用法
1.though用作副词时,常在句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折意义。
2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。
3.meanwhile“与此同时,在此期间”,表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。
5.however“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
6.besides“另外;还有”,表示递进关系。
7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意义相反。
b.几组易错副词:
beside在旁边
besides此外,而且
late迟,晚
later不久以后
latest最近,最新
ago以前(以现在为起点)
before以前(以过去为起点)
somewhere某处
everywhere到处
high在高处;高
highly高度地;很;非常
wide广阔地;充分地
widely广泛地;普遍地
deep深深地
deeply深刻地;深沉地
free免费地
freely自由地;畅通地
close接近;紧挨着
closely仔细地;紧密地
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
near在附近
nearly几乎,差不多
Exercises(4-5道):
1.Sheworksvery____,andhe______hasarestonSundays(hard).
2.Icouldn’tjump_______________(高地)enoughtoreachthemapleleaves.
3.Tomysurprise,mybrothercanspeakEnglish___.
A.politeB.perfectlyC.perfectD.politely
4.Don’thurryhim.Youwilljusthavetobe______andwaituntilhefinishesthework.
A.activeB.carefulC.patientD.famous
5.ThemoviecoversallofChinesehistory.Itis____worthseeingagain.
A.mainlyB.reallyC.possiblyD.hardly
三、形副的比较等级变化规则
A.规则变化:
直、去、双、变、加
单音节词和少数双音节词
1)一般情况加–er或–est
fast___________–__________()
high___________–__________()
clever___________–__________()
2)以字母e结尾加–r或–st
fine___________–__________()
late___________–__________()
nice___________–__________()
3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加–er或–est:
大红胖子热湿瘦
fat___________–__________()
big___________–__________()
thin___________–__________()
4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加–er或–est
early___________–__________()
easy___________–__________()
lucky___________–__________()
5)部分双音节词和多音节词前面more或most:
(见讲义P33)
B.不规则变化:
好坏多少,又远又老
good/well–___________–__________()bad/badly/ill–___________–__________()many/much–___________–__________()little–___________–__________()
far–___________–__________()___________–__________()
old–___________–__________()___________–__________()
四、形容词和副词原级、比较级和最高级的结构
(一)形副原级结构
*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.
基本结构:
_______________________否定结构:
________________________
句式仿写:
1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。
2.你游泳没有你弟弟好。
二、形副比较级结构:
*Imtallerthanyou.*LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).
1.基本结构:
____________________
句式仿写:
1.英语比语文容易。
2.他跳的比我高。
3.他比我大两岁。
2.形副比较级修饰词:
三多两少一甚至_______________________________+than
I)判断下列结构是否正确并改正
moremuchimportant__________morebetter__________aloteasier__________
moredifficult__________evenworse__________littlelonger__________
abithotter__________muchsafe__________
Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.
A.afewmoreslowlyB.littlemoreslowly
C.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlier
形副比较级-2比句型:
*YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.
*ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.
*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。
*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。
2比句型结构:
(1)__________________________
(2)________________________________
仿写句型:
你越来越胖了。
但是你越来越美了。
我对英语越来越感兴趣。
2比句型结构:
*Themoreyouspeak,thebetteryourEnglishwillbe.
The+比较级+主+谓,the+比较级+主+谓
你的腿越长,你就越美。
_____________________________________
你越细心,你犯的错误就越少。
________________________________
形副比较级-其他句型:
Which/who+(…)+动词+比较级,AorB?
Whodoyoulikebetter,MrGaoorQiangge?
Which/who+(…)+动词+比较级+ofthe
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