布莱德利 生平.docx
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布莱德利 生平.docx
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布莱德利生平
hemadeclearthathethoughtthosemoveswereabadidea
BenBradlee,legendaryWashingtonPosteditor,diesat93
BenjaminC.Bradleeinlate1995.Heretiredasexecutiveeditorin1991butcontinuedtoserveTheWashingtonPostasvicepresidentatlarge.(BillO’Leary/TheWashingtonPost)
BenjaminC.Bradlee,whopresidedoverTheWashingtonPostnewsroomfor26yearsandguidedThePost’stransformationintooneoftheworld’sleadingnewspapers,diedOct.21athishomeinWashingtonofnaturalcauses.Hewas93.
FromthemomenthetookoverThePostnewsroomin1965,Mr.Bradleesoughttocreateanimportantnewspaperthatwouldgofarbeyondthetraditionalmodelofametropolitandaily.Heachievedthatgoalbycombiningcompellingnewsstoriesbasedonaggressivereportingwithengagingfeaturepiecesofakindpreviouslyassociatedwiththebestmagazines.Hischarmandgiftforleadershiphelpedhimhireandinspireatalentedstaffandeventuallymadehimthemostcelebratednewspapereditorofhisera.
ThemostcompellingstoryofBradlee’stenure,almostcertainlytheoneofgreatestconsequence,wasWatergate,apoliticalscandaltouchedoffbyThePost’sreportingthatendedintheonlyresignationofapresidentinU.S.history.
ButMr.Bradlee’smostimportantdecision,madewithKatharineGraham,ThePost’spublisher,mayhavebeentoprintstoriesbasedonthePentagonPapers,asecretPentagonhistoryoftheVietnamWar.TheNixonadministrationwenttocourttotrytoquashthosestories,buttheU.S.SupremeCourtupheldthedecisionoftheNewYorkTimesandThePosttopublishthem.
ThePost’scirculationnearlydoubledwhileMr.Bradleewasinchargeofthenewsroom—firstasmanagingeditorandthenasexecutiveeditor—asdidthesizeofitsnewsroomstaff.Andhegavethepaperambition.
Mr.Bradleestationedcorrespondentsaroundtheglobe,openedbureausacrosstheWashingtonregionandfromcoasttocoastintheUnitedStates,andhecreatedsectionsandfeatures—mostnotablyStyle,oneofhisproudestinventions—thatwerewidelycopiedbyothers.
Duringhistenure,apaperthathadpreviouslywonjustfourPulitzerPrizes,onlyoneofwhichwasforreporting,won17more,includingthePublicServiceawardfortheWatergatecoverage.
“BenBradleewasthebestAmericannewspapereditorofhistimeandhadthegreatestimpactonhisnewspaperofanymoderneditor,”saidDonaldE.Graham,whosucceededhismotheraspublisherofThePostandMr.Bradlee’sboss.
“SomuchofThePostisBen,”Mrs.Grahamsaidin1994,threeyearsafterBradleeretiredaseditor.“Hecreateditasweknowittoday.”
LeonardDownieJr.,whosucceededMr.BradleeasThePost’sexecutiveeditorin1991,said,“Ben’sinfluenceremainedverymuchaliveatTheWashingtonPostlongafterheretired,distinguishingthenewspaperandournewsroomasuniqueinjournalism.”PresidentObamasalutedMr.Bradlee’sroleatThePostwhengivinghimthecountry’shighestcivilianhonor,thePresidentialMedalofFreedom,in2013:
“Hetransformedthatnewspaperintooneofthefinestintheworld.”
InJuly1991,BenBradlee,notquite70,retiredasexecutiveeditorofThePostamidanoutpouringofemotion.StaffwriterNoraBoustany,inatelegramfromBeirut,calledhim“thegrand,bravemanofthenews.”(TheWashingtonPost)
Mr.Bradlee’spatriciangoodlooks,gravellyvoice,profanevocabularyandzestforjournalismandforlifeallcontributedtothecharismaticpersonalitythatdominatedandshapedThePost.ModernAmericannewspapereditorsrarelyachievemuchfame,butMr.Bradleebecameacelebrityandlovedthestatus.JasonRobardsplayedhiminthemovie“AllThePresident’sMen,”basedonBobWoodwardandCarlBernstein’sbookaboutWatergate.TwobooksMr.Bradleewrote—“ConversationsWithKennedy”andhismemoir,“AGoodLife”—werebestsellers.Hiscraggyfacebecameafamiliarsightontelevision.Inpublicandinprivate,healwaysplayedhispartwiththeatricalenthusiasm.
“Hewasapresence,aforce,”WoodwardrecalledofMr.Bradlee’sroleduringtheWatergateperiod,1972to1974.“Andhewasadoubter,askeptic—‘Dowehaveityet?
’‘Haveweprovedit?
’”Decadeslater,WoodwardrememberedthewordsthathemosthatedtohearfromMr.Bradleethen:
“Youdon’thaveityet,kid.”
Mr.BradleelovedtheWatergatestory,notleastbecauseitgavethenewspaper“impact,”hisfavoritewordinhisfirstyearsaseditor.Hewantedthepapertobenoticed.Inhispersonalvernacular—avivid,blasphemousargotthatcombinedtheswearwordshemasteredintheNavyduringWorldWarIIwiththeimpeccableenunciationofablue-bloodedBostonian—agreatstorywas“arealtube-ripper.”
ThismeantastorywassohotthatPostreaderswouldripthepaperoutofthetubesintowhichthepaperboydeliveredit.Abadstorywas“mego”—theacronymfor“myeyesglazeover”—appliedtoanythingthatboredhim.Maximizingthenumberoftube-rippersandminimizingmegowastheBradleestrategy.
Mr.Bradlee’stacticswerealsosimple:
“Hirepeoplesmarterthanyouare”andencouragethemtobloom.Hisenergyandhismystiquewereinfectious.
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BenBradleediesat93
TheformerexecutiveeditorofTheWashingtonPostledthenewspaperduringtheWatergateera.
June3,2012BenjaminC.Bradlee,whowasexecutiveeditorofTheWashingtonPostduringtheWatergateera.HereheisathishomeinWashington. MichelduCille/TheWashingtonPost
“Itwashardtoexplainthefullforceofhispersonalitytopeoplewhonevermethim,”saidWardJust,thereporter-turned-novelistwhomMr.BradleesenttocovertheVietnamWarforThePostin1966-1967.“Hereallywasoneofthoseguysyou’dtakeamachine-gunbulletfor.Youonlymeetthreeorfouroftheminanentirelifetime.”
Buthisstrengthssometimesbecameweaknesses.TheeditorwhocouldinspirehistroopstodosomeofthebestjournalismeverpublishedinAmericaalsofellforanartfulhoaxbyayoungreporter,JanetCooke.Cookeinventedan8-year-oldheroinaddictnamedJimmyandwroteamovingstoryabouthim.AfterthestorywonthePulitzerPrizein1981,CookewasexposedasanimpostorwhoinventednotonlyJimmybutalsoherownlifestory.
WhentheyrealizedthatCookehadconcoctedanimaginaryrésumé,Mr.Bradleeandhiseditorsinterrogatedherandextractedaconfession.Mr.BradleequicklyreturnedthePulitzer,thenencouragedThePost’sombudsman,BillGreen,toinvestigateandreporthowtheincidentcouldhavehappened.Thiswasthebiggestassignmentevergiventothein-housereader’srepresentative.Mr.Bradleehadcreatedthepositionin1970,makingThePostthefirstmajorpapertoemployanindependent,in-housecritic.
Greenproducedadetailed,embarrassingreportaboutanewsroomwheretheurgeforjournalisticimpactoverrodeseveralexperiencedreporters’doubtsaboutJimmy’sexistence.“Bradleewasreallyhurt”bytheCookeaffair,recalledPeterSilberman,whoservedunderMr.Bradleeasasenioreditor.
For26yearsBenBradleesteeredTheWashingtonPostthroughsomeofthemosttryingandtriumphantepisodesinthepaper’shistory.Friends,colleaguesandBradleehimselftalkabouthislegacy,includingthepublicationofthePentagonPapersandthecoverageoftheWatergatescandal.(TheWashingtonPost)
Mr.Bradleehadanotoriouslyshortattentionspan.Herarelydugintothedetailsofanissuehimself,leavingthattothepeoplehehadhired.HemanagedThePostnewsroomwithacombinationofvisceraandintellect,oftenjudgingpeoplebyhispersonalreactiontothem.Heorshe“makesmelaugh”wasperhapsMr.Bradlee’sgreatestcompliment.Heneverenjoyedtheminutiaeofmanagementandspentaslittletimeonadministrativeworkashecouldgetawaywith.
ButMr.Bradleecopedsuccessfullywithmanycrises.“Ben’sfamousdriveforagoodstorymakesiteasytooverlookhisgoodjudgmentonmattersrangingfromnationalsecuritytopersonalprivacy,”observedBoisfeuilletJonesJr.,whowasThePost’slawyerwhenMr.Bradleewaseditorandwholaterbecamepublisher.
AlthoughhegraduatedfromSt.Mark’sSchoolandHarvardUniversity,theNavyleftasmuchofamarkonMr.BradleeasdidhisearlylifeamongBoston’sWASParistocracy.TheNavytaughthimtoswear,aswellastorespecttalentwhereveritappeared.
Hemadefriendseasilywithimportantpeople—hismostfamousfriendwasJohnF.Kennedy—buthealsohadpalsamongprintersatThePostandfarmersinSouthernMaryland,wherehespentweekendsathiscountryestateformanyyears.
Heandhisthirdwife,thewriterSallyQuinn,lovedtogivepartiesattheirbigGeorgetownhouse.Inhis80s,Mr.Bradleestillcarousedenergeticallywithpeople30and40yearsyounger,amazinghisoldfriends.“Hegaveawholenewmeaningto‘over80,’”DonGrahamsaid.
Mr.Bradlee’swartimeexperiencelefthimanunabashedpatriotwhobristledwhenevercriticsofthenewspaperaccuseditofhelpingAmerica’senemies.Hesometimesagreedtokeepstoriesoutofthepaperwhengovernmentofficialsconvincedhimthattheymightcauseseriousharm.Buthealsoreactedangrilytowhatheconsideredphonyattemptstoinvoke“nationalsecurity”byofficialswhowerereallyjusttryingtoavoidembarrassment.
Lying,especiallylyingbypublicofficials,particularlyoffendedMr.Bradlee.Hewroteandlecturedonthesubjectfordecades.
“ThevaluesthatBeninstilledinournewsroom—independenceandfairness,aggressivereporting,compellingwritingandindividualinitiative—willlongoutlivehim,”Downiesaid.“Anditwillalwaysbeanewsroomwhereeveryonehasfun,asBendid.”
Mr.Bradlee’srelationshipwithMrs.Grahamwascritical.Sheallowedhimtospendmoney,ultimatelymanymillionsofdol
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