高中英语语法一点通名词性从句.docx
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高中英语语法一点通名词性从句.docx
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高中英语语法一点通名词性从句
高中英语语法一点通——名词性从句
知识清单
1、名词性从句的定义、分类及特征
在句中起到名词所能充当的句子成分的从句称之为名词性从句,名词常用来作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此,对应的名词性从句可以分为四大类:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
类别
特征
主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫作主语从句。
2、为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句,把主语从句置于句尾。
常用的句型有:
Itis/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。
Whetherhecancometothepartyontimedependsonthetraffic.
It’sagreatpitythattheydidn’tgetmarried.
Itistruethatthemanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.
Itisrequiredthatallmembersbepresent.
宾语从句
1、作句子宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
2、某些结构中可用it作形式宾语:
(1)动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面接宾语补足语时,常用的结构为:
动词+it+宾语补足语(形容词或者名词)+宾语从句;
(2)有些表示好恶的动词,如:
like,appreciate,dislike等带宾语从句时,需要在宾语从句前加it。
3、that引导宾语从句,一般不充当介词的宾语,但可作in和except的宾语,其它介词后要用形式宾语it。
Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.
Therewasadiscussionaboutwhethertheproposalwaspractical.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.
Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouhelpedmewithit.
Yourcompositioniswellwrittenexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.
Youcandependonitthathewillcometoouraid.
表语从句
位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。
Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。
通常由that引导,常接同位语从句的名词有:
news,conclusion,possibility,rumor,certainty,story,word,mystery,idea,doubt,hope,truth,question,belief,fact,message,evidence,information,explanation,rule,probability,question,wish,thought,statement,report,opinion,principle等。
ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldbysurprise.
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
2、名词性从句引导词的用法
连接词
that,whether,if,asif,asthough
连接代词
what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
连接副词
when,where,how,why
1.that的用法
①that在句中没有意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,只起到连接的作用。
ItisdecidedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextMonday.
②that引导动词后的宾语从句时,可以省略,但引导其它名词性从句时,不可以省略。
但如果宾语从句是并列句时,引导第二个分句的that不可以省略。
Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.
2.whether/if的用法
whether可以引导四种名词性从句,if只能引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句,即用it作形式主语。
在下列情况下只能用whether引导宾语从句:
(1)作介词宾语;
(2)whether...or(not)结构中;(3)后接动词不定式。
Thequestioniswhethertheycantakeouradvice.
Itisstillaquestionwhethertheycantakeouradvice.
Whethertheycantakeouradviceisaquestion.
Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheycantakeouradvice.
Idon’tcarewhetherhewillcomeornot.
Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou’llcomeornot.
Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepthisoffer.
3.asif/asthough的用法
asif/asthough表示“似乎、好像”的意思,只引导名词从句中的表语从句。
Shelookedasifshehadbeenworkinghardforalongtime.
4.连接代词
连接代词不仅起到连接主从句的作用,而且在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语。
Thequestioniswhocantakehisplace.
Wearesoupsetaboutwhatweshoulddonext.
Whoeverislateforthemeetingshouldbepunished.
特别提醒:
1、引导名词性从句时,what相当于allthat,所以what前不需要在出现先行词。
2、连接代词whatever,whoever虽然在意思上相当于nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,但是二者在用法上有一定区别,前者既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导让步状语从句,后者只可以引导让步状语从句。
Iwon’tbelievewhateverthedishonestmansays.
Whateverhesays,Iwon’tgowithhim.
=Nomatterwhathesays,Iwon’tgowithhim.
5.连接副词
连接副词不仅起到连接主从句的作用,而且在名词性从句中充当状语。
Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.
Theycouldn’tunderstandwhyIrefusedit.
Theproblemiswhereweshouldstay.
难点突破
1、what的用法
what有时保留它原有的疑问意义,表示“什么”;有时作双重连接代词,相当于allthat或thethingthat;what本身已包括先行词,所以前面无需再用先行词。
Idon'tknowwhatsheisdoing.(疑问代词)
Iunderstoodwhathesaid.(连接代词)
Allwhathesaidwasreasonable.(错)
Whathesaidwasreasonable.(正)
Allthathesaidwasreasonable.(正)
ThatisacarwhatIcan'tafford.(错)
Thatisacarthat(which)Ican'tafford.(正)
2、who/whom与whoever/whomever的区别
who/whom意为“谁”,引导名词性从句时,带有疑问色彩。
whoever/whomever意为“无论谁、任何人”,相当于anyonewho/whom,没有疑问色彩。
Whowilltakethepositionisunderdiscussion.
Whoevertakesthepositionshouldberesponsibleforourcompany.
3、what/whatever与which/whichever的区别
what/whatever意为“什么/无论什么”,描述的事物在上下文中没有范围;which/whichever意为“哪个/无论哪个”,描述的事物在上下文中有范围。
Tobehonest,Icanhardlyunderstandwhat/whateveryouhavesaid.
Hereisthedress.ThisiswhatIhavebeendreamingof.
Herearemanybeautifuldresses.Idon’tknowwhichIlike.
Herearemanybeautifuldresses.Youcanchoosewhicheveryoulike.
4、because和why引导表语从句
because引导表语从句时,表示原因;why引导表语从句时,表示结果。
Jimgotuplate.Thatwasbecausetheclockwentwrong.
Theclockwentwrong.ThatwaswhyJimgotuplate.
解题秘诀
名词性从句四部曲
1、分析主句缺少的句子成分,进而确定考查四种名词性从句中哪一种名词性从句。
2、分析名词性从句所缺句子成分:
(1)缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语;
(2)缺少状语,表示疑问;(3)不缺少句子成分,名词性从句句子成分完整。
3、缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语,选用连接代词;缺少状语,表示疑问;选用连接副词;
不缺少句子成分,名词性从句句子成分完整,选用that或者whether/if。
4、结合每个引导词的意义和用法区别,确定使用某个具体的引导词。
易错题型
()1.Nowadaysconsumersbecomemoreandmorepracticalandbuyonly_______theyneed.
A.where B.which C.when D.what
()2.She’dliketooffermoneyto_____needsittocontinuehisorherstudy.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
()3.---Ifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity,_________asaprize?
---I’mlookingforacellphone.
A.Whatyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou
B.Doyouexpectwhatyourfatherwillofferyou
C.Whatdoyouexpectwillyourfatherofferyou
D.Whatdoyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou
()4.Yesterdayhesoldoutallhisstampsat____hethoughtwasareasonableprice.
A.that B.which C.what D.as
()5.Generallyspeaking,____wehaveseenseemsmorebelievablethan____wehavebeentold.
A.what;that B.what;what C.that;what D.that;that
()6.Afterthreedays’waiting,therewasalittledoubtinthemother’smind_______thepolicecouldfindherlostchild.
A.how B.that C.where D.whether
()7.“Sustainabledevelopment”isaquestion_______wecancontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.
A.why B.when C.that D.how
()8.We’dliketodo_______wecan_________thepoor.
A.how;help B.all;tohelp
C.whatever;help D.however;tohelp
()9.Myparentsused____theyhadtogetanewcarformybrother.
A.which B.allwhat C.what D.不填
()10.Shewassoangryatall________hewasdoing_________shestayedupallnight.
A.that;that B.that;whichC.what;that D.what;as
()11.After_________seemedages,thenewsmandisclosedthefacts.
A.there B.which C.what D.that
()12.Ourschoolisnolonger________itwas10yearsago,_________itwasnotwellequipped.
A.what;which B.that;which C.what;when D.that;where
()13.Ourbadlivinghabitswilldestroytheearth.Onlybychanging________welivecanwesavetheearth.
A.that B.what C.how D.where
()14.Thinkingthatyouknow______infactyoudon’tisaseriousmistake
A.what B.that C.when D.however
()15.Energyis_________makesthingswork.
A.what B.everything C.something D.anything
()16.Oneofthemenheldtheview_______thebooksaidwasright.
A.thatwhat B.whatthat C.that D.whether
()17.Ithinkthatthismealwaswellworth______waschargedforit.
A.that B.what C.which D.howmany
()18.Pleaseread________youlike.
A.whateverB.nomatterwhat
C.thatallD.allwhat
()19.Thoughheknewlittleaboutthefield,hesucceeded______othermoreexperimentersfailed.
A.which B.that C.what D.where
()20.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.
A.it B.that C.what D.this
()21.Thenewshasspreadalloverthecountry________thespaceshipsucceededinreturningtotheearth.
A.that B.which C.whether D.what
()22.Youcanchoose________bookyoulikeamongthese.
A.nomatterwhat B.whatever
C.whose D.whichever
()23.________wecan’tunderstandis________hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.
A.That;whyB.Which;how
C.What;whatD.What;why
()24.Loulancityisnotatall_______atravelerwhohasneverseenthedesertbeforecanexpect.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
()25.Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.
A.when B.how C.whether D.why
()26.Weshouldbuyourdaughteracomputerin______itcanhelptoimproveherEnglish.
A.which B.that C.what D.whom
()27.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.
A.whomever B.nomatterwho C.whoever D.anyone
()28.Whydon’tyoubring_______tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit.
A.this B.what C.that D.it
()29.Thetaskrequired_____didit______carefulandbraveenough.
A.who;is B.whom;was
C.whomever;were D.whoever;be
()30.Wewrotealetterofthanksto_______hadhelpedus.
A.who B.those C.whom D.Whoever
()31.---Whatareyouanxiousabout?
---___________.
A.Whetherwecansucceed B.Ifwesucceed
C.Doyousucceed D.Thatwecansucceed
()32.Theteacherasked________hisstudents.
A.whatthematterwaswithB.whichmatterwaswith
C.whatwasthematterwithD.whatwasmatterwith
()33.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.
---Oh,thatwasprobably_________Iwasseeingthedoctor.
A.when B.why C.w
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