中考复习专题六被动语态教学案.docx
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中考复习专题六被动语态教学案.docx
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中考复习专题六被动语态教学案
专题六---被动语态
【教学目标】
【目标一】语态分类与被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
【目标二】八大时态的被动语态的构成
【目标三】被动语态的用法
【目标四】特殊情况下的被动语态
【目标五】主动语态变被动语态的方法
【教学目标精析】
【课前热身】
自测:
默写单词(九年级下册Module4)。
(1)_____________动身,出发(词组)
(2)_____________n.短袜
(3)_____________conj.每当,无论什么时候(4)_____________adj.合适的,恰当的
(5)_____________n.边,边缘(6)_____________pron.你自己
(7)_____________离开(词组)(8)_____________v.挨饿,饿死
(9)_____________n.尝试,努力(10)_____________一口气,一下子(词组)
(11)_____________n.岩,岩石(12)_____________攀岩(词组)
(13)_____________n.石头(14)_____________adv.相当,还算
(15)_____________adj.无困难的,顺利的,光滑的,平坦的
(16)_____________adj.直的,笔直的
【目标一】语态分类与被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如:
---They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
---A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
一般现在时:
am/is/are+done
一般过去时:
was/were+done
一般将来时:
shall/will+be done
现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+done
过去进行时:
was/were+being+done
现在完成时:
have/has+been+done
【目标二】六大时态的被动语态的构成
知识点一:
一般现在时的被动语态形式
表示现在或经常发生的被动动作时,用一般现在时的被动语态。
一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。
---Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.
---Suchsongsareusuallysungbygirls.
---Russianisnottaughtinourschool.
---Aremanygoodsshippedabroadeveryday?
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()1、TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.
A.isheldB.wereheldC.areholdingD.willho1d
()2、Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment___________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.
A.isgivingB.isgivenC.willgiveD.hasgiven
()3、TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It___________inmanyschools
aroundtheworld.
A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught
()4、BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,___________as“People’sWriter”.
A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards
()5、Usuallycomputers___________tosearchtheInternet.
A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used
()6、---Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?
---Yes.Ourclassroom___________everyday.
A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
知识点二:
现在进行时的被动语态形式
表示说话时或现阶段某个被动的动作正在进行,现在进行时的被动语态由am/is/are+being+done构成。
---Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse?
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗?
---Howisthenewteachingmethodbeingtriedthere?
那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的?
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()1、---Hi, Tom, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
--- Sorry. ___________.
A.It’s repaired B. It has been repaired
C.It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired
()2、Can’t you see your problem ___________?
Have some patience, please.
A. is being discussed B. is discussed
C. was being discussed D. will be discussed
()3、A new cinema ___________here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
()4、They are listening to the music that ___________ on the radio.
A. is being broadcast B. will be broadcast
C. was being broadcast D. has been broadcast
()5、Mary is such a good student that she ___________ by her teachers.
A. is always being praised B. had always praised
C. always praises D. has always praised
知识点三:
现在完成时的被动语态形式
表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在,且该动作的结果对现在造成影响,此时用现在完成时的被动语态。
现在完成时的被动语态由“has/havebeen+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。
在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点:
1、过去分词前有两个助动词:
have/has和been。
2、必须表示被动。
如:
1)[误]Many new buildings been built since 1980.
[正]Many new buildings have been built since 1980.
[析]谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。
2)[误]Something bad has been happened to him.
[正]Something bad has happened to him.
[析]被动语态误用。
happen为不及物动词,不及物动词没有被动语态。
3)[误]The door has been opened of itself.
[正]The door has opened of itself.
[析]有些动词如open,break,drop等既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,若不强调谁是动作的发出者,我们通常用主动语态。
of itself意思是“自动地”,因此,此句不可用被动语态。
4)[误]I have introduced to Mr Smith.
[正]I have been introduced to Mr Smith(by Mr Wang).
[析]introduce为及物动词,I是introduce的承受者。
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()1、---Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.
---Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen___________thesedays.
A.turnedupB.putupC.shownupD.fixedup
()2、Paper money ___________for over a thousand years.
A.used B.has been used C.has used D.is using
()3、Great changes ______ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___________.
A.have been taken place;are being set up B.have taken place;have been set up
C.are taken place;had been set up D.had taken place;will be set up
()4、Come and sit down by the fire.Your hand ___________cold.
A.has been felt B.feels C.is felt D.has felt
()5、The fire ___________to the fifth floor.___________all the people___________?
A.has got;Have;been saved B.hasbeengot;Have;saved
C.hasgot;Do;saveD.hasgot;Have;saved
()6、---Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
---I’msorry,butit___________already.
A.hastaken B.took C.wastaken D.hasbeentaken
()7、Someofthechapters(片段)___________bymanystudents.
A.havebeenwidelyreadB.havereadwidely
C.werewidereadD.hadbeenwidelyread
()8、Whydon’tyougotothebookstoretobuysomebooks?
Manynewbooks___________there.
A.havejustbroughtB.havejustbeenbroughtC.werejustbroughtD.arejustbrought
()9、Tillnow,threefilms___________inthatsmallvillagethismonth.
A.haveshown B.havebeenshown C.wereshown D.willbeshown
()10、Doyouknowthethief___________bythepolice?
A.hascaught B.hasbeencatching C.wascaught D.hasbeencaught
知识点四:
一般过去时的被动语态形式
表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作,用一般过去时的被动语态。
一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。
---Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.
---Thewindowwasbrokenbymyson.
---Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday?
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()1、---DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?
---Yes.Infact,it___________.That’sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.
A.pollutedB.waspollutedC.haspollutedD.waspollute
()2、---Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.
---You’reright.ButthankstoEarthDay___________,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay
A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstartedD.isstarting
()3、We___________intofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.
A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredividedD.isdivided
()4、---IfeltveryhappythatI___________tobethehost.---Congratulations!
A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen
()5、Manytreesandflowers___________inourschoollastyear,andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.
A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplanted
知识点五:
过去进行时的被动语态形式
---Thequestionwasbeingdiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.
---Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.
知识点六:
一般将来时
表示从现在看将来发生的被动动作,用一般将来时的被动语态;表示从过去某个时候看今后将要发生的被动动作,用过去将来时的被动语态。
一般将来时的被动语态由“will/shallbe+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)或am/is/aregoingtobe+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成;
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()1、Somefamouspaintings___________inthehallnextweek.
A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown
()2、Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___________intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives
知识点七:
情态动词的被动式
主动句谓语如带有情态动词变成被动句时,应保留情态动词谓语部分为:
“情态动词+助动词be+过去分词”。
例如:
---Ourclassroomshouldbekeptcleanandtidy.
---Afewofthemcanbecuteachyearforfirewood.
---Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.。
被动语态的一般疑问句,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前构成。
否定句须在助动词之后加构成。
例如:
---Isthestampusedforsendingletters?
邮票是用来发信的吗?
---Theknifeisn’tmadeofwood.这个小刀不是用木头制做的。
【堂上练习】
选择恰当的选项并把选项填在括号内。
()Twelve-year-oldsshouldnot___________todriveinChina.
A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed
【目标三】被动语态的用法
1、强调动作的承受者 (有时用 by 短语来强调动作的执行者):
---XiaoLiwasmademonitoroftheclass.
---Thisworkmustbedonebyyou,andnotbyme.
2、不知道或不必说出动作的执行者:
---Hisbikewasstolenlastnight.
---Everyyearalotofpeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.
3、为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己:
---Everybodyisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.
---YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:
00p.m.tomorrow.
4、动作的执行者是无生命的事物:
---Thehousewasstruckbylightning.
---Thefamousmuseumwaspracticallyruinedbythebigfire.
5、使句子连接自然或更加简洁、匀称。
---TheoldprofessorgavealectureonAmericanhistoryandwaswellreceived.
---Thebookwhichhadbeenlostwasfoundandwasreturnedtothelibrary.
【目标四】特殊情况下的被动语态
1、带情态动词的被动结构,其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词,例如:
---Thismustbekeptinmind.
---Ioughttobecriticizedforit.
2、带双宾语的被动结构,习惯上把间宾提前,也可把直宾提前,但不要遗漏介词,例如:
---I was given a toy at Christmas. 或A toy was given to me at Christmas.
---He was offered some assistance. 或Some assistance was offered to him.
3、带复合宾语的被动结构,只将宾语提前,宾补不动 (但make,see,hear等宾补省略的to,变被动结构时要加to),例如:
---Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
---Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.
【目标五】主动语态变被动语态的方法
1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.
主语谓语宾语
→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.
主语谓语宾语
1、把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2、把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3、把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。
注:
语态转换时要注意的问题
1、把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保
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