24份高考英语北师大版一轮专题技能突破.docx
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24份高考英语北师大版一轮专题技能突破.docx
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24份高考英语北师大版一轮专题技能突破
【24份】2017高考英语北师大版
一轮专题技能突破
目录
专题技能突破
(1)阅读理解之细节理解
【技能讲解】 细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不是完全用文章的原话,而是有一定的变化。
首先,选项中可能会引用原文中部分内容,导致原文意思被缩小。
或者,可能会加一些限定词如all,every等歪曲原文的意思;其次,选项中可能会用与文中同义、近义或反义的词语来转述原文意思;再次,选项中的内容需要对原文意思进行分析、归纳和整理,然后进行判断。
典例剖析
[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ,A篇]
MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum
Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:
30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:
00.
November7th
TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofagroupofearly“civilengineers”.
...
QWhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?
A.February6th.B.March6th.
C.November7th.D.December5th.
[答案] C 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段第二句“JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.”所对应的日期November7th,故选C。
2.[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ,D篇]Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?
Itcouldn'tseemmoreunFrench.ButLehanne'spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:
It'stryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afastfoodboomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.
...
QHowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?
A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.
B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.
C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.
D.Theystarttoservefastfood.
[答案] A 细节理解题。
根据“Overtheyears,Parisiancafes...spendmoretimeathome.”可知,法国人生活方式的改变使咖啡馆行业成为受害者——即受到冲击,更少地被光顾。
故选A。
本题需要转述原文意思才能选对。
技能演练
Eachyear,carcrimecostsnearly3billion.Ofcourse,ifyou'reinsured,youwon'tloseout,orwillyou?
Firstly,youwillhavetopayextrainsurancelateron,andthenyoumaynotbeofferedthefullamountbytheagent.Youwillprobablyhavetohireacarandyouwillalsolosethevalueofthecontentsandaccessories(配件)inthecar.
...
QIfyourcarisstolen,youwillhaveto________.
A.hireanewcar
B.buyaRACTrackstarsystem
C.paymoreinsurance
D.informtheNationalControlCenter
答案:
C 细节理解题。
根据本段第二句内容可知答案。
2.LostiPhone
...
Unexpectedly,IlostmywhiteiPhon5sinMidtownonFridaynight.Ithadabluegreencoveronit.Therearemanypicturesofmysononit,andI'mheartbroken.Pleasereturn,noquestionsasked.Reward.Replyto:
-2652255359@craigslist.org.
...
QWhopostedthelostandfoundinformation?
A.Amother.B.Akindwoman.
C.Aheartbrokengirl.D.Aparent.
答案:
D 细节理解题。
根据本段第三句内容可知答案。
3.IoftenwentforawalkwithHoward.Once,aswewerewalkingalongaroad,itbegantorain.Iquicklyrantoabusstopforshelter.Thebusstophadaroofsupportedbymetalpoles.SoonafterIhadgotthere,Howardcaughtmytrousersinhisteethandtriedtopullmeaway.AtfirstIwaspuzzledandalittleangryathisbehavior.ButIdecidedtohumorhimandwalkedawayfromtheshelterintotherainandstartedtogohome.
...
QThereasonwhytheauthorwaspuzzledandangrywiththedogwasthat________.
A.Howardhadastrangebehavior
B.Howardshouldbeafraidofthemetalpoles
C.Howardshouldknowtheapproachingoftheterriblelightning
D.Howardbithistrousersinhisteeth
答案:
A 细节理解题。
根据本段第五句内容可知答案。
4....
“Weexaminednonfacialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacksofcigarettesmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced,”DrYolanda,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.
“Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsaged45to65years.”Yolanda'steamaddedintheirreport.
Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerrightarms.Theyranged,inagefrom22to91andhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson'sskinwas.
Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,especiallytheface,itbecomescoarse(粗糙的).Wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint,Yolanda'steamwrote.
...
QAccordingtothepassage,howwrinkledaperson'sskinisdoesn'trelateto________.
A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokes
B.thekindandcharacteristicsofskin
C.howlongapersonsmokes
D.howlongskinisundersunlight
答案:
B 细节理解题。
根据第一段和最后一段可知答案。
专题技能突破
(2)阅读理解之态度观点判断
【技能讲解】 常见的推理判断题主要是对作者整篇文章态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。
答题时一定要注意,正确把握文章的内容,站在作者的角度思考问题,切勿脱离文本,凭空用自己的观点或态度来代替作者的观点或态度。
此类题的选项一般有中性词:
uninterested,unconcerned,neutral,indifferent,objective;褒义词:
positive,favorable,supportive,optimistic,enthusiastic;贬义词:
disappointed,critical,negative。
典例剖析
[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ,B篇]ThefreezingNortheasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcoldweatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers'marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywakeupcall.
...
QWhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?
A.Exciting.B.Boring.
C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.
[答案] B 推理判断题。
根据文章第一句“ThefreezingNortheasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter...”可知,作者认为纽约冬天的生活很无聊。
故选B。
2.[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ,C篇]...
Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship—youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto£15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiods,”hesaid.
...
QHowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegapyearphenomenon?
A.He'spuzzled.
B.He'sworried.
C.He'ssurprised.
D.He'sannoyed.
[答案] B 推理判断题。
根据本段最后一句内容可知,OwainJames认为,为了赚钱完成大学学业,许多学生被迫选择“间隔年”。
这种现象在假期更为严重。
由此可知,OwainJames对这种现象并不乐观,而是感到担忧。
故选B项。
技能演练
[2016·山西四校联考]Sure,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecauseitmakesthattimeyouspentintheclassroommorepleasant.Andyes,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecause,ingeneral,it'ssmarttolearnhowtorelatetothedifferenttypesofpeopleyou'llmeetthroughoutyourlife.
Butreally,there'sonesuperimportantreasonwhyyoushouldgetalongwithyourteacher.Kidswhogetalongwiththeirteachersnotonlylearnmore,butalsothey'remorecomfortableaskingquestionsandgettingextrahelp.Thismakesiteasiertounderstandnewmaterialanddoyourbestontests.Whenyouhavethiskindofrelationshipwithateacher,heorshecanbesomeonetoturntowithproblems,suchaslearningorschoolissuesandbullying.
QWhat'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsgettingalongwithteachers?
A.Doubtful.B.Objective.
C.Uncaring.D.Favorable.
答案:
D 推理判断题。
根据第一段的整体内容可推知,作者是赞成与老师相处融洽的,即D项正确。
2.[2014·陕西高考,D篇]Oneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson'sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11yearoldhadstomachpains,retching(干呕)intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore.
Whatcausedsomuchpain?
Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighlycompetitiveindependentschool,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind,sportsdaycausesnoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisanightmare(噩梦).Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents,itcanproveadisaster.
...
Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames,withafewracesforthosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.
QWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssportsday?
A.Critical.B.Neutral.
C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.
答案:
A 推理判断题。
由文章最后一段首句“Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandoned...我希望运动日可以被取消……”可知,作者对运动日持批判态度,故选critical,意为“批判的”。
neutral“中立的”;positive“肯定的”;ambiguous“模棱两可的”。
3.Today,MountQomolangma'speakisnotalonelyplaceanymore.Morethan3,500peoplehavesuccessfullyclimbedthe8,844mmountain,andmorethanatenthofthatnumberreachedthepeakjustoverthepastyear.AsmoreandmorepeopletrytotestthemselvesagainstQomolangma,manyatimethemountcanbeverycrowded.Climbershavecomplainedaboutwaitingforhoursinthebottlenecks(狭窄路段)onthewaytothepeak.Ifbadweatherstrikes,climberscananddodie.
Butthedangerouscrowdsaren'ttheonlyproblemonQomolangma.Allthoseclimbersneedtobringalotofgear—andmuchofthemendsupbeingleftonthemountain,sometimeseventhepeakitself.MountQomolangmaisbecomingtheworld'stallestrubbishdump.Here'smountaineerMarkJenkinswritinginNationalGeographicaboutthestateofQomolangma:
“Thetwostandardroute
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