电子商务英文精编版复习总结.docx
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电子商务英文精编版复习总结.docx
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电子商务英文精编版复习总结
第一章
b2c:
consumershoppingontheweb,oftencalledbusiness-to-consumer
b2b:
transactionsconductedbetweenbusinessesontheweb,oftencalledbusiness-to-business
transactions(交易)andbusinessprocessesinwhichcompanies,governments,andotherorganizationsuseinternettechnologiestosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities
businessprocesses(业务流程):
thegroupoflogical(逻辑的),related,andsequential(时序的)activitiesandtransactionsinwhichbusinessesengage
c2c:
includingindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthenselves
b2g:
includingbusinesstransactionswithgovernmentagencies,suchaspayingtaxesandfilingrequiredreports.
注意:
b2belectroniccommerceismuchgreaterthanb2celectroniccommerce.however,thenumberofsupportingbusinessprocessisgreaterthanthenumberofallb2candb2btransactionscombined.
activity(业务活动):
ataskperformedbyaworkerinthecourseofdoinghisorherjob
transaction(交易):
anexchangeofvalue、suchasapurchase,asale,ortheconversionofraw(未加工的)materialsintoafinishedproduct
注意:
atransactionalwayshasoneormoreactivitiesassociatedwithit,butanactivitymightnotberelatedtoatransaction.
telecommutingortelework(远程工作):
employeeslogin(登录)tocompanycomputersthroughtheinternetinsteadoftravelingtotheoffice.
electronicfundstransfers(efts)(电子资金转账):
alsocalledwiretransfers(有线转账)electronictransmissionsofaccountexchangeinformationoverprivatecommunicationsnetworks
electronicdatainterchange(edi)(电子数据交换):
transmittingcomputer-readabledata(计算机可读数据)inastandardformat(标准格式)toanotherbusiness
oneseriousproblemthatpotentialadoptersofedifaced(edi面临的严重问题之一)wasthehighcostofimplementation.
tradingpartners(贸易/合作伙伴):
businessesthatengageinediwitheachother
value-addednetwork(van)(增值网络):
independentfirmthatoffersconnectionandtransaction-forwardingservicestobuyersandsellersengagedinedi
between1997and2000,morethan12,000internet-relatedbusinesseswerestartedwithmorethan$100billionofinvestors’money(dot-comboom).
morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin2000(dot-combust).
between2000and2003:
morethan$200billionwasinvestedinpurchasingelectroniccommercebusinessesthatwereintroubleandstartingnewonlineventures.
thissecondwaveoffinancialinvestmenthasnotbeenreportedextensivelyineitherthegeneralorbusinessmedia,butitisfuelingarebirthofgrowthinonlinebusinessactivity(dot-comrebirth).
businessmodels(业务模式),:
abusinessmodelisasetofprocessesthatcombinetoyieldaprofit
agoodbusinessmodelwasexpectedtoleadtorapidsalesgrowthandmarketdominance.
注意:
theideathatthekeytosuccesswassimplytocopythebusinessmodelofasuccessfuldot-combusinessledthewaytomanybusinessfailures,someofthemquitedramatic
revenuemodels(盈利模式):
aspecificcollectionofbusinessprocessesusedto:
identifycustomers,markettothosecustomersandgenerate(使形成)salestothosecustomers
therevenuemodelideaishelpfulforclassifyingrevenue-generatingactivitiesforcommunicationandanalysispurposes
businessprocesses(业务流程)
businessprocessesinclude:
purchasingrawmaterialsorgoodsforresale、convertingmaterialsandlaborintofinishedgoods、managingtransportationandlogistics、hiringandtrainingemployees、managingthefinancesofthebusiness、andmanyotheractivities
merchandising(零售推销):
combinationofstoredesign,layout(布局),andproductdisplay(陈列)knowledge
commodityitem(日用品、商品):
hardtodistinguishfromthesameproductsorservicesprovidedbyothersellers、it‘sfeatureshavebecomestandardizedandwellknown
shippingprofile(运输规格):
collectionofattributesthataffecthoweasilyaproductcanbepackagedanddelivered
alltheadvantagesofelectroniccommerceforbusinessescanbesummarizedinonestatement:
electroniccommercecanincreasesalesanddecreasecosts
virtualcommunity(虚拟社区)isagatheringofpeoplewhoshareacommoninterest,butinsteadofthisgatheringoccurringinthephysicalworld,ittakesplaceontheinternet.
advantages(优点):
electroniccommerceprovidesbuyerswithawiderrangeofchoicesthantraditionalcommerce、electroniccommerceprovidesbuyerswithaneasywaytocustomizethelevelofdetailintheinformationtheyobtainaboutaprospectivepurchase.buyerscanhaveinstantaccesstodetailedinformationontheweb、somedigitalproducts,suchassoftware,musicandvideofiles,orimages,canevenbedeliveredthroughtheinternet,whichreducesthetimebuyersmustwaittobeginenjoyingtheirpurchases.theabilitytodeliverdigitalproductsonlineisnotjustacost-reductionopportunity.itcanincreasesales,too、electronicpaymentsoftaxrefunds,publicretirement,andwelfaresupportcostlesstoissueandarrivesecurelyandquicklywhentransmittedovertheinternet、electronicpaymentscanbeeasiertoauditandmonitorthanpaymentsmadebycheck,providingprotectionagainstfraudandtheftlosses、electroniccommercecanalsomakeproductsandservicesavailableinremoteareas.
disadvantages(缺点):
return-on-investmentisdifficulttocalculate.costs,whichareafunction(函数)oftechnology,canchangedramaticallyevenduringshort-livedelectroniccommerceimplementationprojectsbecausetheunderlyingtechnologiesarechangingsorapidly.manyfirmshavehadtroublerecruitingandretainingemployeeswiththetechnological,design,andbusinessprocessskillsneededtocreateaneffectiveelectroniccommercepresence.difficultyofintegratingexistingdatabasesandtransaction-processingsoftwaredesignedfortraditionalcommerceintothesoftwarethatenableselectroniccommerce.althoughanumberofcompaniesoffersoftwaredesignandconsultingservicesthatpromisetotieexistingsystemsintonewonlinebusinesssystems,theseservicescanbeexpensive.manybusinessesfaceculturalandlegalobstaclestoconductingelectroniccommerce.
economics(经济学)isthestudyofhowpeopleallocatescarceresources(分配稀缺资源),twoways:
commerce、governmentactions
twoconditionsofamarket(市场的两条件):
potentialsellersofagoodcomeintocontactwithpotentialbuyers、amediumofexchange(交换媒介)isavailable---(currencyorbarter).
muchbusinessactivitytodayoccurswithinlargehierarchicalbusinessorganizations(商业层次组织),whicheconomistsgenerallyrefertoasfirms,orcompanies(公司)
transactioncosts(交易成本)arethetotalcoststhatabuyerandsellerincurastheygatherinformationandnegotiateapurchase-saletransaction(收集信息和洽谈经费).
verticalintegration(垂直统一管理):
thepracticeofanexistingfirmreplacingoneormoreofitssuppliermarketswithitsownhierarchicalstructureforcreatingthesuppliedproduct.
astrategicbusinessunit(战略业务单元),orsimplybusinessunit(业务部门),isoneparticularcombinationofproduct,distributionchannel,andcustomertype.
networkeconomicstructures(网络化组织结构):
companiescoordinatetheirstrategies,resources,andskillsetsbyforminglong-term,stablerelationshipswithothercompaniesandindividualsbasedonsharedpurposes
strategicalliances(战略联盟)(strategicpartnerships(战略伙伴关系)):
relationshipscreatedwithinthenetworkeconomicstructure
virtualcompanies(虚拟公司):
strategicalliancesthatoccurbetweenoramongcompaniesoperatingontheinternet
strategicpartners(战略伙伴):
entities(实体)thatcometogetherasateamforaspecificprojectoractivity
lawofdiminishingreturns(边际收益递减):
mostactivitiesyieldlessvalueastheamountofconsumptionincreases
networkeffect(网络效应):
asmorepeopleororganizationsparticipateinanetwork,thevalueofthenetworktoeachparticipantincreases
valuechain(价值链):
awayoforganizingtheactivitiesthateachstrategicbusinessunitundertakes
primaryactivities(关键/主要活动):
designing,producing,promoting,marketing,delivering,andsupportingtheproductsorservicesitsells
supportingactivities(辅助活动):
humanresourcemanagementandfinancing
valuesystem(价值体系):
largerstreamofactivitiesintowhichaparticularbusinessunit’svaluechainisembedded
第二章
worldwideweb万维网newsgroups网络新闻组
hypertext超文本hypertextserver超文本服务器
hypertextmarkuplanguage(html)超文本链接标示语言(超文本标记语言)
graphicaluserinterface(gui)图形用户接口
localareanetwork(lan)局域网
wideareanetworks(wans)广域网
packets数据包
routingalgorithms路由算法
networkcontrolprotocol(ncp)网络控制协议
transmissioncontrolprotocol(tcp)传输控制协议
internetprotocol(ip)互联网协议
subnetting子网划分
networkaddresstranslation(nat)device网络地址转化器
domainnames域名top-leveldomain(ortld)顶级域名
hypertexttransferprotocol(http)超文本传输协议
uniformresourcelocator(url)统一资源定位符
e-mailclientsoftware电子邮件客户端软件
simplemailtransferprotocol(smtp)简单邮件传输协议
postofficeprotocol(pop)邮件通讯协定件送达
theinteractivemailaccessprotocol(imap)消息访问协议
textmarkuplanguage文本标记语言
worldwidewebconsortium(w3c)万维网联盟
standardgeneralizedmarkuplanguage标准通用标示语言
intranet企业内部互联网extranet外部网
virtualprivatenetwork(vpn)私人虚拟网络
iptunnelingip隧道encapsulation封装
netbandwidth网络带宽
symmetric/asymmetricconnections对称/非对称联接
第三章
mainmodelsforgeneratingrevenueusedbywebbusinessestoday:
webcatalog、digitalcontent、advertising-supported、advertising-subscriptionmixed,、fee-basedmodel(fee-for-transactionandfee-for-service)
mailorderorcatalogmodel(目录模型):
buyersplaceordersbymailorbycallingtheseller’stoll-freetelephonenumber。
proventobesuccessfulforawidevarietyofconsumeritems,includingapparel(衣服),computers,electronics,housewares(日用品),andgifts
firmsthatownintellectualpropertyhaveembracedthewebasanewandhighlyefficientdistributionmechanism(分销机制)
stickiness(黏度):
theabilitytokeepvisitorsandattractrepeatvisitors
advertising-supportedrevenuemodelsthreetypes:
webportals、newspaperpubl
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