职称英语理工B.docx
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职称英语理工B.docx
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职称英语理工B
2015职称英语理工B
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1—15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.
A.excitementB.angerC.CalmD.disappointment
2.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation
A.copyB.furnishC.publishD.summariza
3.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid
A.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official
4.Heledaverymorallife
A.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural
5.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent
A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy
6.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair
A.veryusefulB.verylimitedC.quitegoodD.ratherspecial
7.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence
A.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose
8.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning
A.painsB.partsC.aspectsD.results
9.Itwasamagicnightuntilthespellwasbroken
A.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity
10.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem
A.proveB.discoverC.considerD.imagine
11.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed
A.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed
12.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday
A.homeworkB.actC.justiceD.model
13.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport
A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial
14.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years
A.stareedB.changedC.movedD.lasted
15.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear
A.emptyB.sincereC.respectfulD.terrible
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.
SoMany“Earths”
TheMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethat'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA'stopplanet-huntingtelescope.
AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.
TheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.
SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.
Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolatetotherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.
Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.
Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.
16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth's.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun'shabitablezone.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
ClimateChange:
TheLongReach
1Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There'smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth'sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.
2Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears—andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.
3Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat'sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanet'senvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:
Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda“fastfeedback.”.
4Zeebesaysit'simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they'relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective."Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,”hetoldScienceNews.“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100.”Forhisnewstudy,Zeebenowfocuseson“slowfeedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife—astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas—aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.
5Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5°C—fora6°totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatstowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.
23.Paragraph2_____
24.Paragraph3_____
25.Paragraph4_____
26.Paragraph5_____
A.Impactofburningfossilfuels
B.Slowfeedbacks
C.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange
D.Fastfeedbacks
E.Risingofsealevels
F.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses
27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_____.
28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach_____.
29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing_____.
30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor_____.
A.averylongtime
B.recordedhistory
C.rapidexaggerationofimpacts
D.theextraheat
E.theexposedground
F.previouslypublishedstudies
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文回答其后面的问题,为每题确定一个最佳答案。
第一篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences
Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.
Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.
SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.
Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.
HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.
Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheB
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