职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题二.docx
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职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题二.docx
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职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题二
职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题
(二)
一、阅读理解(共35小题,共105.0分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项。
请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1题
JapaneseCarKeepsWatchforDrunkDrivers
AconceptcardevelopedbyJapanesecompanyNissanhasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystemandotherinstrumentsthatcouldhelpkeepdrunkorovertireddriversofftheroad.
Thecar'ssensorscheckodorsinsidethecarandmonitoradriver'ssweatfortracesofalcohol.Anin-carcomputersystemcanissueanalertorevenlockuptheignitionsystemifthedriverseemsover-the-limit.Theairodorsensorsarefixedfirmlyanddeeplyinthedriverandpassengerseats,whileadetectorinthegear-shiftknobmeasuresperspirationfromthedriver'spalm.
Othercarmakershavedevelopedsimilardetectionsystems.Forexample,Sweden'sVolvohasdevelopedabreathalyzerattachedtoacar'sseatbeltthatdriversmustblowintobeforetheenginewillstart.
Nissan'snewconceptvehiclealsoincludesadashboard-mountedcamerathattracksadriversalertnessbymonitoringtheireyes.ItwillsoundanalarmandissueaspokenwarninginJapaneseorEnglishifitjudgesthatthedriverneedstopulloverandrest.
Thecartechnologyisstillindevelopment,butgeneralmanagerKazuhiroDoisaysthecombinationofdifferentdetectionsystemsshouldimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthetechnology."Forexample,ifthegear-shiftsensorwasbypassedbyapassengerusingitinsteadofthedriver,thefacialrecognitionsystemwouldstillbeused,"Doisays.Nissanhasnospecifictimetableformarketingthesystem,butaimstousetechnologytocutthenumberoffatalitiesinvolvingitsvehiclestohalf1995levelsby2015.
Thecar'sseatbeltcanalsotightenifdrowsinessisdetected,whileanexternalcamerachecksthatthecariskeepingtoitslaneproperly.However,Doiadmitsthatsomeofthetechnology,suchasthealcoholodorsensor,shouldbeimproved."Ifyoudrinkonebeer,it'sgoingtoregister,soweneedtostudywhat'stheappropriatelevelforthesystemtoactivate,"hesays.
IntheUK,someresearchgroupsareusingsimilaradvancedtechniquestounderstanddriverbehaviorandtheeffectivenessofdifferentroaddesigns.
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoftheJapaneseconceptcare?
AIthasasensorsystemthatcouldissueawarningifthedriverisdrunk.
BIthassensorsthatdetecttracesofalcoholinsidethecar.
CIthassensorslockedupintheignitionsystem.
DIthasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystem.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
选项A、B、D所述内容都可在短文的第一、第二段中找到。
第二段最后一个句告诉我们,传感器装在司机和乘客的座椅里,而不是在点火系统里,所以选择C。
第2题
WhathasVolvodeveloped?
AThesamedetectionsystemmentionedinthepreviousparagraph.
BAbreathalyzerattachedtoacar'sseatbelt.
CAsmartcarseatbelt.
DAnintelligentengin
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
短文第三段告诉我们,沃尔沃公司也发明了一种相类似的酒精检测装置,安装在保险带上。
所以B是正确选择。
第3题
WhatisthefunctionofthecameramentionedinParagraph4?
AItmonitorsthedriver'seyestoseeifheneedsarest.
BItjudgesifthedriverwantstopullover.
CItjudgesifthedriverwantstotakearest.
DItissuesanalarmwhenthedriverspeaks.
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
第四段描写了安装在概念车仪表板上的照相机的功能。
相机跟踪司机的眼睛的活动从而监测司机是否保持清醒状态,如果发现司机需要停车休息,便用英语或日语发出警告。
所以除A以外,其他选择都不正确。
第4题
AccordingtoDoi,______.
Atheoveralleffectivenessofthedetectiontechnologyhasimproved.
BNissanismakingatimetabletomarketthedetectionsystem.
Citisimpossibletoimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthedetectionsystem.
DNissanaimstoimprovethedetectiontechnologytoreducethefatalityrat
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
短文第五段说,这种监测技术仍然在发展之中,使用不同的监测系统应能改进这项技术的整体有效性,所以A和C都不是正确选择。
该段的最后一句说,日产公司并不准备将这种监测系统推向市场,但它的目标是使用这种技术到2015年将日产车的事故率年减少到1995年的一半。
所以B也不是正确选择,只有D表达了Doi的意思。
第5题
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinParagraph6?
AAnexternalcamerachecksthatthecarisgoingproperly.
BThecarwillautomaticallykeeptoitslane.
CTheseatbeltwilltightenwhenthedriverisfounddrowsy.
DThetechnologyofthealcoholodorsensorshouldbeimproved
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
选项A、C、D在短文第六段都能找到,但是却找不到选项B所表达的意思。
第6题
ASunshadeforthePlanet
Evenwiththebestwillintheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingtopreventglobalwanning.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenifwetakethestrongestmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough.
Fortunately,iftheworstcomestotheworst,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis,agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale"geo-engineering"projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwanning."Iusetheanalogyofmethadone,"saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming."Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalizationandalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin."
Basicallytheideaistoapply"sunscreen"tothewholeplanet.OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth;launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun'srays.It'scontroversial,butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth'ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun'srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.
Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorthinksthat______.
Astrongmeasureshavebeentakenbythegovernmenttopreventglobalwarming.
Btoreducecarbonemissionsisallimpossiblemission.
Cdespitethedifficulty,scientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobalwarming.
Dactionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverberealize
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
短文第一段讲了防止地球变暖是一项艰巨的任务,第二段说,尽管如此,科学家还是有一些办法,所以C是正确选择。
A是错误选择,因为作者认为政府和一些利益集团阻碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施;B不是作者的观点;D也不是正确选择,因为第一段的最后一句mightnotbeimplementedsoonenough并不表明永远不能实现。
第7题
Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon'twantpeopleto______.
Aknowwhattheyaredoing.
Bfeeltheireffortsareuseless.
Cthinktheproblemhasbeensolved.
Dseetherealproblem.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
文章的第二段说,即使最糟糕的情况发生,科学家还是有几招的。
但他们不希望讨论他们的招数,因为恐怕人们不再有危机感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力,所以c是正确选择。
第8题
WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?
AMethadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.
BMethadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataheroinaddict.
CHospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaheroinaddict.
DMethadoneandheroinareequallyeffectiveintreatingaheroinaddict.
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
文章的第二段中,StephenSchneider教授将自己解决地球变暖问题的办法比作美沙酮,因为在瘾君子拒绝正常住院治疗时,服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。
所以,A是正确的选择。
第9题
WhatisStephenSchneider'sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?
AToaskgovernmentstotakestrongermeasures.
BToincreasethesunlightreachingtheEarth.
CToapplysunscreentotheEarth.
DTodecreasegreenhousegases.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
文章最后一段的第一个句子提供的答案。
第10题
WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof"sunscreen",accordingtothelastparagraph?
AItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteractthewanning.
BItblockstheincidentenergyinthesun'srays.
CItisacontroversialmethod.
DItdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmospher
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
3.0分
【答案解析】
短文最后一段描述了sunscreen如何解决地球变暖问题。
尽管有争议,但是研究证明,“太阳屏”能反射和阻碍阳光,起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。
最后一段的第三、四句是理解这个问题的关键。
D不是文章所表达的内容,所以是正确答案。
第11题
ThirstforOil
Worldwideeveryday,wedevourtheenergyequivalentofabout200millionbarrelsofoil.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.InfactenoughenergyfromtheSunhitstheplanet'ssurfaceeachminutetocoverourneedsforanentireyear,wejustneedtofindanefficientwaytouseit.Sofartheenergyinoilhasbeencheaperandeasiertogetat.Butassuppliesdwindle,thiswillchange,andwewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.
Burningwoodsatisfiedmostenergyneedsuntilthesteam-drivenindustrialrevolution,whenenergy-densecoalbecamethefuelofchoice.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoveronequarterofourenergyneeds,butitsusehasbeendecliningsincewestartedpumpingupoil.Coalistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel,butcouldmakeacomeback,assuppliesarestillple.ntiful;itsreservesarefivetimeslargerthanoil's.
Todaypetroleum,amineraloilobtainedfrombelowthesurfaceoftheEarthandusedtoproducepetrol,dieseloilandvariousotherchemicalsubstances,providesaround40%oftheworld'senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.TheUSconsumesaquarterofalloil,andgeneratesasimilarproportionofgreenhousegasemissions.
ThemajorityofoilComesfromtheMiddleEast,whichhashalfofknownreserves.ButothersignificantsourcesincludeRussia,NorthAmerica,Norway,VenezuelaandtheNorthSe
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