被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译.docx
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被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译.docx
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被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译
一、被动语态
1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是:
be+Vp.p(及物动词过去分词)
be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化
一、被动语态的用法:
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:
is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词
Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.
Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:
was/were+及物动词的过去分词
Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.
Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:
has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词
Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:
will+be+及物动词的过去分词
Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.
Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:
情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.
Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.
Thedoormaybelockedinside.
Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:
am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词
UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→
MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.
Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→
7.不定式的被动语态:
to+be+及物动词的过去分词
Therearetwobookstoberead.→
Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
练习:
1.Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschoolyesterday.
A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells
2.Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChinaintenyears.
A.mustB.willbeC.hasD.have
3.Chinese_______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken
4.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
A.isgoingtoberebuilt B.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuilt D.willrebuild
5.Thecoat___hersister.
A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto
2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词
原则上,只有及物动词才有被动语态,但是,许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词,变成及物动词短语如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等,这时也可有被动语态。
此时应注意短语的整体性,即后面的介词或副词不要丢掉。
例如:
Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.
Oldpeople________________________politelybyus.
Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)
Thechildrenwill______________________________byher.
1.规则动词的过去分词
1)一般情况下栽动词原形后面加–ed
2)以不发音e结尾的加-d
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y改i加-ed
4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母在家-ed
watch-watchedpractice-practiced
study-studiedstop-stopeed
2.不规则动词的过去分词
amhavedo-done
isbeenwrite-written
arehasgo-gone
3)被动语态的疑问式:
把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
例如:
Wherecouldtheygrowthesevegetables?
(改为被动语态)
Where_____vegetables_________________?
【翻译练习】
1.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
(welcom)
2.这次英语演讲比赛将会在下星期五举行。
(hold)
3.在过去五年里,他被认为是这个村里最有才华的年轻人。
(consider…as…)
4.Jim正在院子里修理他的自行车。
(repair)
5.就网球来说他还从来没有被别人打败过。
/他在网球上海从来没有遇到过对手。
(beat)
6.你不必把这封信打印出来。
(print)
7.据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
8.据专家所说,所有的桥梁必须重建。
(rebuild)
3)在下列情况下,一般使用被动语态:
(1)表示"据说"或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。
例如:
Itissaidthat… 据说
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
Itishopedthat… 大家希望
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
Itissuggestedthat… 据建议
Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
4)注意被动语态的几个特殊情况:
(1)带双宾语的两种被动语态形式:
①把指人的间接宾用作被动句的主语,如:
Shegavemeabook.
Iwasgivenabookbyher.
②把指物的直接宾语用作被动句的主语,此时,间接宾语前需加介词to或for,如:
Shegavemeabook.
Abookwasgiventomebyher.
Sheboughtmeapresent.
Apresentwasboughtformebyher.
Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
(3)复合宾语的主动句在转换成被动句时,那些感官动词和使役动词如make,see,feel,hear等后所省略的动词不定式to需被还原。
例如:
Myteachermademedomyhomework.
Iwasmadetodomyhomeworkbymyteacher.
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动语态)
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
5)主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。
例如:
Thebooksellswell. 这本书销路好。
Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用。
2)need/want/require/worth
当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义。
例如:
Yourhairneedscutting.=Yourhairneedstobecut.
Theflowersrequirewatering.
6)被动形式表示主动意义,如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等。
例如:
Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意:
表示同某人结婚,用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可。
例如:
Hemarriedarichgirl.
Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.
8)不宜使用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)有些动词如happen和动词短语如takeplace是没有被动语态的。
9)熟记教材中与被动语态相关的固定搭配和句型。
例如:
bemadeof/from/in/by,beusedfor/as等。
—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?
—Yes.It's______Shanghai.
A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madein
C.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein
10)被动语态的判断方法。
①当句中出现bysb,withsth短语时常使用被动语态,如:
Thedoorwaslockedbyme.
Theroadwascoveredwithsnow.
②及物动词之后没有宾语常需用被动语态,如:
I_____(ask)toanswerthequestion.
我们知道,ask是及物动词,其后必须接宾语。
但在此题中,ask之后并没有宾语。
这当然不是题目出错了,而是ask的宾语I已经到句首当主语——动作的承受者做主语,自然应使用被动语态:
Iwasaskedtoanswerthequestion.
③当主语和谓语动词之间形成逻辑上的被动关系时应使用被动语态,如上文所提到的句子“黑板已经擦过了”:
Theblackboard_______(clean).
“黑板”与“擦”之间的逻辑关系是:
“黑板”被“擦”,故应使用被动语态:
Theblackboardhasbeencleaned.
三.巩固练习
1.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.
2.Thedeskmust____________(clean)onceaday.
3.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.
4.Apenisusedfor__________(write).
5.Allthatmust____________(do).
6.Theyfindituseful__________(learn)English.
7.Theradio__________(use)onceinaweekinourclass. It____________(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.
8.John____________(elect)presidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.
【单项选择】
( )1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
( ) 2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
( )3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensangD.isoftensung
( )4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
( )5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
( )6Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
( )7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___. A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
( )9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
( )10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
( )11 Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A. willbepublished B.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished
( )12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
( )13Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten
( )14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
( )15-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
( )19Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
【完整版练习】
( )1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
( ) 2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
( )3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensangD.isoftensung
( )4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
( )5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
( )6Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
( )7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___. A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
( )9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
( )10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
( )11 Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A. willbepublished B.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished
( )12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
( )13Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten
( )14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
( )15-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
( )19Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
( )20Where___theseboxes
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
( )21Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekept
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