高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破七 Word版含答案.docx
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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破七 Word版含答案.docx
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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三阅读理解第三步题型突破七Word版含答案
题型突破(七) 主旨大意之文章或段落大意题
A
(2017·南京九中模拟)
Perhapseveryoldgenerationsinceancienttimeshascomplainedaboutyoungpeople,andtodayisnodifferent.Isn’titclearthatcomparedwithourgloriousselves,kidsthesedaysareself-absorbedsocialnetworkaddicts?
However,thissummer,myimpressionoftoday’skidshasbeenrestoredbythestoryofRachelBeckwith.Shecouldteachmygenerationagreatdealaboutmaturityandunselfishness—eventhoughshe’sjust9yearsold,orwaswhenshediedonJuly23.
Atage5,RachelhadherlonghairshornoffandsenttoLocksofLove,whichuseshairdonationstomakeartificialhairforchildrenwhohavelosttheirownhairbecauseofcancerorotherdiseases.Afterthat,Rachelannouncedthatshewouldgrowherhairlongagainanddonateitagain.Andthat’swhatshedid.
Thenwhenshewas8yearsold,herchurchbeganraisingmoneytobuildwellsinAfricathroughanorganizationcalledcharity:
water.Rachelwasastonishedwhenshelearnedthatotherchildrenhadnocleanwater,sosheskippedherninthbirthdayparty.Rachelsetupabirthdaypageonthecharity:
waterwebsitewithatargetof
300.Insteadofpresents,sheaskedherfriendstodonate
9eachtocharity:
water.FinallyRachelraisedonly
220—whichhadleftherjustabitdisappointed.
Then,onJuly20,aserioustrafficaccidentleftRachelcriticallyinjured.Churchmembersandfriends,seekingsomewayofshowingsupport,begandonatingonRachel’sbirthdaypage—charitywater.org/Rachel—anddonationsreachedher
300goal,andkeptrising.
ButRachelcouldn’thearthatshehadraisedbeyondthe
47,544thatthesingerJustinBieberhadraisedforcharity:
wateronhis17thbirthday.“IthinkRachelwouldhavebeenoverjoyedforshesecretlyhadacrushon(迷恋……)him,”Rachel’smomsaid.
WhenitwasclearthatRachelwouldneverregainconsciousness,thefamilydecidedtoremovethelifesupportsystem.HerparentsdonatedherhairforthefinaltimetoLocksofLove,andherorganstootherchildren.
WordaboutRachel’slastfund-raisingspread.Contributionspouredin,oftenin
9each.Thetotaldonationssoontopped
100,000,then
300,000.
Thisisastorynotjustofonegirl,butofayounggenerationofoutstandingproblem-solversworkingcreatively.
语篇解读 本文讲述了一个善良的女孩RachelBeckwith的慈善行为,告诉我们新一代的年轻人能够创造性地解决问题。
1.WhenwasitthatRachel’shairwasdonatedforthefinaltimetoLocksofLove?
A.Atherageof5.
B.Afterherdeath.
C.Rightafterthetrafficaccident.
D.Beforeherninthbirthday.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据文章倒数第三段可知是她的父母在她去世以后把她的头发捐给LocksofLove的。
故选B。
2.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A.Rachel’shairdonations.
B.Akindgirl,Rachel.
C.Theauthor’simpressionoftoday’skids.
D.AlessonfromRachel.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。
纵观全文可知,本文讲述一个善良的女孩子RachelBeckwith的慈善行为。
故选B。
3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday’skidsafterheknewthestoryofRachelBeckwith?
A.Theyaregoodatsocialnetwork.
B.Theyareunselfishasgrown-ups.
C.Theycangetproblemssettledeffectively.
D.Theyhavenarrowmindsandcareaboutnothing.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段中的“...butofayounggenerationofoutstandingproblem-solversworkingcreatively.”可知,作者在得知Rachel的故事之后,认为现在的孩子能够创造性地解决问题。
故选C。
B
(2017·南京九中模拟)
Forhighschoolleaversstartingoutintheworkingworld,itisveryimportanttolearnparticularskillsandpracticehowtobehaveinanintervieworhowtofindaninternship(实习).Insomecountries,schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork.IntheUnitedStates,however,suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbehind.
Researchshowsthatifhighschoolsprovidecareer-relatedcourses,studentsarelikelytogethigherearningsinlateryears.Thestudentsaremorelikelytostayinschool,graduateandgoontohighereducation.
InGermany,studentsasyoungas13and14areexpectedtodointernships.Germancompaniesworkwithschoolstomakesurethatyoungpeoplegettheeducationtheyneedforfutureemployment.
ButinAmerica,educationreformprogramsfocusonhowwellstudentsdoinexamsinsteadofbringingthemintocontactwiththeworkingworld.HarvardEducationschoolprofessorRobertSchwartzhascriticizededucationreformersfortryingtoplaceallgraduatesdirectlyonthefour-yearcollegetrack.Schwartzarguedthatthisapproachleavesthecountry’smostvulnerable(易受影响的)kidswithnojobsandnoskills.
Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool.JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork,forexample,encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareer-basedcourses.Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainon-the-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey’restillathighschool.
However,evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork,thejobmarketisdaunting.IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.
“Theriskisthatifteenagersmissoutonthesummerjobexperience,theywillbecomepartofthisgenerationofteenswhohadtroubleinlandingajob,”saidMichael,aresearcherintheUS.
语篇解读 本文通过与德国中学情况的比较,说明在美国中学里很缺乏有关职业的基本课程。
4.AccordingtoRobertSchwartz,highschoolstudentsshould.
A.directlycarryonhighereducation
B.getcontactwiththeworkingworld
C.focusontheirperformanceinexams
D.notmissoutonthesummerjobexperience
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool.”可知,Schwartz认为美国中学生应该多学习一些与工作有关的实用技能。
故选B。
5.Theunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph6mostprobablymeans“”.
A.incredibleB.motivating
C.impressiveD.discouraging
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。
从画线词后的“IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.”可知,美国的失业率很高,故可推知它的就业市场是令人沮丧的。
故选D。
6.What’sthemainideaofthetext?
A.RemarksonrecentUShighschooleducationreform.
B.TipsonfindingjobsforhighschoolleaversintheUS.
C.Thelackofcareer-basededucationintheUShighschools.
D.TheseveresituationofunemploymentintheUS.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。
文章第一段点明主题:
在美国中学里有关职业的课程很缺乏,下文进行了具体的对比和介绍。
故选C。
7.Intheauthor’sopinion,Germanhighschoolleavers.
A.enjoymorecareer-relatedcoursesthanthatoftheUS
B.needmorecareeradvicefromtheirschools
C.performbetterinexamsthanAmericanstudents
D.arelessbroughtintocontactwiththeworkingworld
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段的介绍以及第四段第一句可知,德国的中学生比美国的中学生享有更多的与职业有关的课程教育。
故选A。
C
(2017·镇江一模)
Thehabit-formingprocesswithinourbrainsisathree-steploop(回路).First,thereisacue,atriggerthattellsyourbraintogointoautomaticmode(模式)andwhichhabittouse.Thenthereistheroutine,whichcanbephysicalormentaloremotional.Finally,thereisareward,whichhelpsyourbrainfigureoutifthisparticularloopisworthrememberingforthefuture.Overtime,thisloop—cues,routines,rewards—becomesmoreandmoreautomatic.Thecueandrewardbecomeintertwined(交织的)untilapowerfulsenseofanticipationandadesireappears.Eventually,ahabitisborn.
Habitsaren’tdestiny.Habitscanbeignored,changed,orreplaced.Butthereasonwhythediscoveryofthehabitloopissoimportantisthatitrevealsabasictruth:
Whenahabitappears,thebrainstopsfullyparticipatingindecision-making.Itstopsworkingsohard,orshiftsfocustoothertasks.Sounlessyoudeliberatelyfightahabit—unlessyoufindnewroutines—thepatternwillunfoldautomatically.
Habitsneverreallydisappear.They’reencoded(把……编码)intothestructuresofourbrain,andthat’sahugeadvantageforus,becauseitwouldbeawfulifwehadtorelearnhowtodriveaftereveryvacation.Theproblemisthatyourbraincan’ttellthedifferencebetweenbadandgoodhabits,andsoifyouhaveabadone,it’salwayslurking(潜伏)there,waitingfortherightcuesandrewards.
Thisexplainswhyit’ssohardtocreateexercisehabits,forinstance,orchangewhatweeat.Oncewedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofa,ratherthanrunning,orsnackingwheneverwepassadoughnutbox,thosepatternsalwaysremaininsideourheads.Bythesamerule,though,ifwelearntocreatenewneurological(神经系统的)routinesthatoverpowerthosebehaviors—ifwetakecontrolofthehabitloop—wecanforcethosebadtendenciesintothebackground.Andoncesomeonecreatesanewpattern,studieshavedemonstrated,goingforajogorignoringthedoughnutsbecomesasautomaticasanyotherhabit.
Ofcourse,thosedecisionsarehabitual,effortless.Aslongasyourbasalganglia(基底核)iscompleteandthecuesremainconstant,thebehaviorswilloccurunthinkingly.Atthesametime,however,thebrain’sdependenceonautomaticroutinescanbedangerous.Habitsareoftenasmuchacurseasabenefit.
语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文。
文章主要介绍了习惯是如何形成的。
8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthehabitloopfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Ithelpsyourbrainunderstandwhatisworthremembering.
B.Itisathree-steploopconsistingofacue,aroutineandareward.
C.Itbecomesautomaticanddevelopsasenseofanticipationanddesire.
D.Itrevealsabasictruththatthepatternofahabitwillunfoldautomatically.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据前两段的内容,尤其是第一段中的“Thehabit-formingprocesswithinourbrainsisathree-steploop(回路).First,thereisacue...Thenthereistheroutine...Finally,thereisareward...”可知,习惯形成的过程是一个三步走的回路,分别是:
提示、惯例和奖励。
故选B项。
9.Theadvantageofhabitsneverreallydisappearingisthat.
A.wecaneasilychangewhatweeat
B.wedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofa
C.wedon’tnecessarilylearnaskillagain
D.wecandistinguishbetweenbadandgoodhabits
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Habitsneverreallydisappear...itwouldbeawfulifwehadtorelearnhowtodriveaftereveryvacation.”可知,从未真正消失的习惯会被编入我们的大脑结构中,正是得益于此,我们不必重新学习一门技能。
故选C项。
10.Whatc
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