语法辅导.docx
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语法辅导.docx
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语法辅导
2012研究生课程班语法复习
I.主谓一致
1). ProfessorPole,togetherwithtenofhisstudentsandallhisassistants,(is,are)workingatthelab.
2).Thedirector,accompaniedbythemanagers,(is,are)inspectingthenewly-builtfactory.
3).Myfatheraswellasmymotherandmysister(is,are)enjoyingthevacationabroad.
2.物质名词
4).Alotofmilk(was,were)pouredintothesea.
5).Toomuchsalt(does,do)younogood.
3.量词
6).Everyboyandgirl(know,knows)theruleofgame.
7).Muchtime(has,have)beenwastedintalkingwithoutdoing.
8).Thewholehouse(has,have)toberenovated.
9).Agreatdealofgold(has,have)beenminedillegallyandsmuggledoutofthecountry.
10).Themajorityofthecommitteemembers(is,are)fortheproposal.
11).Theminorityofthestudents(is,are)againstthisregulation.
4.连接词连接两个成分
12).NeithershenorI(am,is)planningtogoabroad.
13).Notonlythecoachbutalsotheplayers(is,are)greatlydisappointed.
14).Thepilotaswellassomeofthepassengers(has,have)miraculouslysurvivedthecras
5.There句型
15).There(has,have)littleraintoday.
16).There(exist,exists)muchtobelearnedaboutthevariousgrainsandtheirvaluetohumansandanimals
6.从句作主语
17).Thatreadingdetectivestoriesismorefunthanreadinganessayonphilosophy(is,are)obvious.
=It(is,are)obviousthatreadingdetectivestoriesismorefunthanreadinganessayonphilosophy
18).Whoisresponsiblefortheseaccidents(is,are)notyetclear.
19).Whathehasdoneandwhyhehasdoneit(is,are)questionsonlyhehimselfcananswer.
7.强调句
20).Itismybrotherthat(has,have)devisedthescheme.
21).Itisherfriendsthat(has,have)beentomanycountries.
8.其他
22).Morethanonesuggestion(have,has)beenmade.
23).Morethanone(have,has)beendiscussed.
24.Electronics(is, are)Greektome.
25.TheNewYorkTimes(is,are)availabletobigcities.
26.ThePhilippines(is, are)oneofthesouth-easterncountries.
II.动词
我想去看打球。
(如何翻译?
)
1.用法
(1)只能用不定式作宾语的动词有:
●1).promise
●2).plan
●3).refuse
●4).fail
●5).hesitate
●6).expect
(2)只能用动名词作宾语的动词有:
●7).suggest
●8).enjoy
●9).quit
●10).void
●11).finish
●12).risk
●13).deny
●14).consider
●15).Wouldyoumind
●16).can’thelp
●17).Idon’tfancy
(3)两者均可,意思差别不大
18).begin,start(todo,doing)sth.
19).like,prefer,love
20).hate
(4)两者均可,意思差别很大
1).
●21).stopreading;stoptoread
●22).leaveoffreading;leaveofftoread
2).
●23).trytotastethemango
●24).trytakingtheChineseherbalmedicine
3).
●25).meantogobowling
●26).Itmeansdoingtherightthing.
4).
●27).remember+tocallherafterthemeeting
●28).remember+callingher
●注:
remember;forget; regret
5.词组中“to” 是介词时
•29).lookforwardto
•31).objectto
•32).submittedto
•33).amountsto
•34).resortedto)
6.视觉的动词
•看日出/看日落
•(lookat;see;watch)+thesunrise/sunset
•35).lookat/see/watchsb.(todo; do;doing)sth.
•36).somebodyisseen(todo;do; doing)sth.
7.听觉的动词
•37).listento/hearsb.(todo;do;doing)sth.
•38).somebodyisheard(todo;do;doing)sth.
8.使役动词
•39).make/let/havesb.dosth.
•40).somebodyismade(todo;do)sth.
II.动词(时态)
•1).Betweenonethingandanother,mysister(does,did)notfinishtyingherpaperlastnight.
•2).Themeeting(willtake,took)placeafortnightagotomorrow.
(会议在两星期之前的明天举行。
)
•3).(Did,Do)youmeanwhatyousayyesterdayevening?
4).Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceshe(leave,left)Guangzhou
•5).I’llgowithyouonaholidayifclassesfornextweek(are,willbe)cancelled.
6).Myboyfriend.
A.hasforeveradmiredme.
B.foreveradmiredme.
C.wasforeveradmiringme.
D.isforeveradmiringme.
7).Bysixo’clocktonighthe(willleave,willhaveleft)forBeijing.
8).Bythetimeyoucomebackwe(willhavegraduated,willgraduate).
9).MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto’clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromtherebythen.
•A.wouldleaveB.hasleft
•C.willhaveleftD.hadleft
10).Theyfulfilledtheprojectearlierthanthey.
•A.haveexpectedB.hadexpected
•C.wereexpectingD.expected
11).Thissoupsour.
•A.istastedB.aretasted
•C.tasteD.tastes
•smellbad/good;touchsmooth
•feelstrange;lookcrazy
III.虚拟语气
• 从句 + 主句
• If…+would…
•1).Ifthesouphadmoresaltinit,itwouldtastebetter.
•IfIhadmethiminthestreet,Iwouldnothaverecognizedhim.
•3).IfIweretoliveupto200yearsold,Iwouldchangemypresentwayoflife.
•注:
should;wereto;动词过去时(与将来时间相反)
•4).Ifhecamenextweek,hewouldstillbeabletomeetus.
2.省if的句型
A.5).IfIwereinyourposition,Iwouldnotquitnow.=
•WereIinyourposition,Iwouldnotquitnow.
6).Ifyouhadnotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.=
•Hadyounotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
B.without
7).Withoutairandwater,there(willbe,would)nolifeonearth.
8).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
=IfIhadnotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
C.butfor
9).ButforyourhelpI(hadnotfound,wouldnothavefound)theplace.
D.Otherwise
10).Idon’tknowhisaddress;.
•A.otherwiseIwillwritetohim
•B.otherwiseIwouldwritetohim
•C.otherwiseIhadwrittentohim
•D.otherwiseIwouldhavewrittentohim
3.混合型
•11).IfyouthatDVDmovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesleepy.
•A.haven’twatched
•B.hadn’twatched
•C.didn'twatch
•D.wouldn'thavewatched
•12).Iwouldhaverungyoubutthetelephone(was,hadbeen)outoforder.
注:
主句(虚拟)+ but(otherwise;or)句(陈述句)
13).Themeeting(was,wouldhavebeen)overontimebutSmithhelduswithhislongfinancialreport.
14).IwouldgotovisitthembutI(didn’t,don’t)thinktheyareanxioustoseeme.
3.Wish+从句
•hope与 wish的区别
•Wish翻译成:
“但愿…”,“…就好了”
15).IwishIknewhisname.
16).Hewisheshehadjotteddowntheaddress.
17).Weallwishyouwouldjoinustomorrow.
18).Howshewishesherfamilycouldgowithher.
4.有些动词的宾语从句虚拟语气省“should”
(1).建议,提议,请求,命令
1).suggest,propose;
2).ask,require,request,demand;insist;
3).order;
4).recommend;
5).urge;
6).decide;
7).maintain;
8).move(动议)
9).Wesuggestedyesterdaythathe(went,go)atonce.
10).Theheadnurseinsiststhatthepatient(benot,notbe)moved.
11).Theyinsistedthathe(was,be)wrong.
12).Thesurveysuggestedthattheirfindings(be,were)reasonable.
(2).It’ssuggestedthat…句型
13).It’sproposedthatanurgentsurvey(was,be)maderightaway.
14).Itisrequiredthatallapplicants(be,were)interviewed
(3).It’s形容词that…句型
15).Itisurgentthatreinforcement(be,is)senttothefrontatonce.
16)Itispreferablethatyou(brings,bring)moreclotheswithyou.
注:
A.important,necessary
•B.vital,essential
•C.natural
•D.strange
(4)固定搭配
wouldrather;hadrather
17).We’drather(die,died)than(give,upgaveup)ourbelief.
18).You’drather(stay,stayed)hereforthenight,(hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou)?
19).I’dratheryou(come,came)tomorrow
20).They’dratherwe(are,were)notpresentatthemeeting..
21).Wehadbetter(send,tosend)foranambulance.
注:
cf:
It’sbettertodosth.
22).It’stimewe(shouldleave,leave,left)
注:
It’shightimethat…
•It’sabouttimethat…
IV.比较级
1.同级比较
(1).thesame(+n.)as…
(2).beasadj.as…
(3).V.asadv.as…
•1).Myshirtis(as,thesame)sizeasyours.
•2).Ourhouseis(thesame,as)largeasyours.
•3).Icandothejob(so,as)quicklyasyou.
•4).Seldomdoweseehimdressed(as,so)decentlyastoday.
注:
cf:
notso…as;notas…as…
2.比较级
(1).单音节 + -er(longer,later)
(2).多音节more+beautiful
5).Insummerthedaysaremorelongerthaninwinter.(错句)
3.最高级
A.
6).Butforsometypingerrors,theessaywouldbe(moreperfect,perfect).
7).Byputtingforthatotallynewtheory,hemade(themostunique,theunique)contributionstotheexplorationoftheoriginofthesolarsystem.
注:
perfect,unique,empty,complete
B.
8).Thevideocameraissuperiorineveryrespect(than,to)that.
9).Womenarenotinferior(than,to)men.
10).Hiswifeissenior(than,to)himbyfiveyears.
11).Thiscivilizationisbyfarjunior(than,to)thatoftheNileValley.(这个文明比尼罗河流域文明要年轻得多)
注:
superiorto,inferiorto,
•seniorto,juniorto
C.
否定词+比较级=最高级
12).Noonecouldbemoreloyaltoduty(than,to)hewas.(在忠于职守方面,没有一个人能及得上他。
)
13).Nothingismoreprecious(than,to)timeyetnothinglessvalued.
4.同类比较
14).ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan(thatof,/)anyothercountry.
15).Thefurisassoftas(thatof,/)acat.
5.倍数
•倍数+(largerthan/smallerthan)+n.
•倍数+(asmuchas/asmanyas)+n
•倍数+(morethan)+n
16).Theradionowcoststwice(morethan,asmuchas)itdidlastyear.
17).Americanatenearlytentimesas(many,much)meatastheBritish.
18).Ourroomisthreetimes(largerthan,largerto)theirs.
V.倒装句
1.否定词位于句首
1).MyfriendhasneverbeentoBeijing.
NeverhasmyfriendbeentoBeijing.
2).Hardlyhadwestarted(when,than)itbegantorain.
3).NosoonerhadIlaindown(when,than)thetelephonerang.
注:
刚/一… 就…
4)Hardly…when…
5)Nosooner…than…
6)On…ing
7)Themoment/theminute/thesecond/theday从句…
8)-ly:
directly,immediately,instantly
9).Themoment/(Directly)hereturnedhome,itbegantosnow.
注:
其他否定词(组)有:
•Undernocircumstances
•Bynomeans
•Seldom
2.Only位于句首Only+状语(或副词)…
10).
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